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HYSTASPES (the Greek form of the Pers...

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Originally appearing in Volume V14, Page 211 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HYSTASPES (the See also:Greek See also:form of the See also:Persian Vishtaspa)  . (i) A semi-legendary See also:king (See also:kava), praised by Zoroaster as his See also:protector and a true believer, son of Aurvataspa (Lohrasp) . The later tradition and the Shahname of Firdousi makes him (in the See also:modern See also:form Kai Gushtasp) king of See also:Iran . As Zoroaster probably preached his See also:religion in eastern Iran, Vishtaspa must have been a dynast in See also:Bactria or See also:Sogdiana . The Zoroastrian religion was already dominant in See also:Media in the See also:time of the See also:Assyrian king See also:Sargon (c . 715 B.c.), and had been propagated here probably in much earlier times (cf . See also:PERSIA); the time of Zoroaster and Vishtaspa may therefore be put at c. r000 B.C . (2) A See also:Persian, See also:father of See also:Darius I., under whose reign he was See also:governor of See also:Parthia, as Darius himself mentions in the See also:Behistun inscription (2 . 65) . By See also:Ammianus See also:Marcellinus, See also:xxiii . 6 . 32, and by many modern authors he has been identified with the protector of Zoroaster, which is equally impossible for See also:chronological and See also:historical reasons, and•from the See also:evidence of the development of Zoroastrianism itself (see PERSIA: See also:Ancient See also:History) .

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