See also:

• IANNINA (i.e. " the city of St John "; Gr. Ioannina; Turk Yanid; also written Janina, Jannina, and, according to its Albanian pronunciation, Yanina)

IANNINA (i.e. " the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John "; Gr. Ioannina; Turk Yanid; also written Janina, Jannina, and, according to its Albanian See also:

• PRONUNCIATION (Lat. pronuntiatio, from pronuntiare, proclaim, announce, pronounce)

pronunciation, Yanina)  , the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the vilayet of See also:

• IANNINA (i.e. " the city of St John "; Gr. Ioannina; Turk Yanid; also written Janina, Jannina, and, according to its Albanian pronunciation, Yanina)

Iannina, See also:

• ALBANIA

Albania, See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey . Pop . (1905) about 22,000 . The largest ethnical See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups in the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population are the Albanian and See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek; the purest See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of colloquial Greek is spoken here among the wealthy and highly educated See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant families . The position of Iannina is strikingly picturesque . At the See also:

• FOOT

foot of the See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount Mitzekeli (1500 ft.), which forms See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• FINE

fine range of hills See also:

• RUNNING

running See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north from the Gulf of See also:

• ARTA (Narda, i.e. iv "Ap&a, or Zarta, i,e. eis "Apra)
• ARTA, GULF OF (anc. Sinus Ambracius)

Arta, there lies a valley (the Hellopia of antiquity) partly occupied by a See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake; and the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city is built on the slopes of a slight See also:

• EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence, stretching down to the western See also:

• SHORE

shore . It has greatly declined from the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of barbaric prosperity which it enjoyed from 1788 to 1822, when it was the seat of See also:

• ALI

Ali See also:

• PASHA

Pasha (q.v.), and was estimated to have from 30,000 to 50,000 inhabitants . The fortress—Demir Kule or See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

Iron See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle, which, like the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal seraglio, was built on a promontory jutting into the lake—is now in ruins . Bllt,tbe city is the seat of a Greek See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop, and still possesses many mosques and churches, besides synagogues, a Greek See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college (gymnasium), a library and a See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital . Sayades (opposite See also:

• CORFU (anc. and mod. Gr. KEpKvpa or Kopiupa, Lat. Corcyra)

Corfu) and Arta are the places through which it receives its imports . The See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold and See also:

• SILVER

silver See also:

• EMBROIDERY (M.E. embrouderie, from O. Fr. embroder, Mod. Fr. broder)

embroidery for which the city has See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long been famous is still one of the notable articles in its See also:

• BAZAAR (Pers. bazar, market)

bazaar; but the commercial importance of Iannina has notably declined since the cession of Arta and See also:

• THESSALY

Thessaly to See also:

• GREECE

Greece in 1881 . Iannina had previously been one of the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief centres of the Thessalian See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade; it now exports little except See also:

• CHEESE (Lat. caseus)

cheese, hides, See also:

• BITUMEN

bitumen and sheepskins to the See also:

• ANNUAL

annual value of about £120,000; the imports, which See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply only the See also:

• LOCAL

local demand for provisions, textile goods, hardware, &c., are See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth about See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double that sum .

The lake of Iannina (perhaps to be identified with the Pambotus or Pambotis of antiquity) is 6 m. long, and has an See also:

• AREA

area of 24 sq. m., with an extreme See also:

• DEPTH

depth of less than 35 ft . In See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• FLOOD (in O. Eng. flod, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Flut, Dutch vloed, from the same root as is seen in " flow," " float ")
• FLOOD, HENRY (1732-1791)

flood it is See also:

• UNITED

united with the smaller lake of Labchistas to the north . There are no affluents of any considerable See also:

• SIZE

size, and the only outlets are underground passages or katavothra extending for many See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles through the calcareous rocks . The theory supported by W . M . See also:

• LEAKE, WILLIAM MARTIN (1777-186o)

Leake (See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern Greece, See also:

• LONDON

London, 1835) that the citadel of Iannina is to be identified with See also:

• DODONA

Dodona, is now generally abandoned in favour of the claims of a more See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern site . As See also:

• ANNA
• ANNA (Hindustani ana)
• ANNA, BALDASARRE

Anna Comnena, in describing the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of the See also:

• TOWN

town (ra 'Ioavvwa) by Bohemond in 1082, speaks of the walls as being dilapidated, it may be supposed that the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place existed before the 11th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . It is mentioned from time to time in the See also:

• BYZANTINE

Byzantine See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

annals, and on the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of thelordship of See also:

• EPIRUS, or EPEIRUS

Epirus by See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael See also:

• ANGELUS

Angelus See also:

• COMNENUS

Comnenus See also:

• DUCAS
• DUCAS (15th cent.)

Ducas, it became his capital . In the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages it was successively attacked by Serbs, Macedonians and Albanians; but it was in See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the successors of Michael when the forces of the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

Sultan See also:

• MURAD, or AMURATH

Murad appeared before it in 1430 (cf . See also:

• HAHN, AUGUST (1792–1863)

Hahn, See also:

• ALBAN, SAINT

Alban . Studien, See also:

• JENA

Jena [18541, pp . 319-322) .

Since 1432 it has continued under See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• RULE

rule . Descriptions of Iannina will be found in See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland's Travels (1815) ; See also:

• HUGHES, DAVID EDWARD (1831-1900)
• HUGHES, HUGH PRICE (1847-19o2)
• HUGHES, JOHN (1677-1720)
• HUGHES, JOHN (1797-1864)
• HUGHES, SIR EDWARD (c. 1720-1794)
• HUGHES, THOMAS
• HUGHES, THOMAS (1822-1896)

Hughes, Travels in Greece, &c . (183o) ; H . F . Tozer, Researches in the See also:

• HIGHLANDS, THE

Highlands of Turkey (London, 1869) . See also ALBANIA and the authorities there cited .