IDAHO  , a western See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of the See also:

• UNITED

United States of See also:

• AMERICA

America, situated between 42° and 49° N. See also:

• LAT

lat. and 111° and 117° W. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long . It is bounded N. by See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• COLUMBIA

Columbia and See also:

• MONTANA

Montana, E. by Montana and See also:

• WYOMING

Wyoming, S. by See also:

• UTAH

Utah and See also:

• NEVADA
• NEVADA (a Spanish word meaning " snow-clad " or " snowy land," originally applied to a snow-capped mountain range on the Pacific slope)

Nevada, and W. by See also:

• OREGON

Oregon and See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington . Its See also:

• TOTAL

total See also:

• AREA

area is 83,888 sq. m., of which 83,354 sq. m. are See also:

• LAND

land See also:

• SURFACE

surface, and of this 41,851.55 sq. m. were in See also:

• JULY

July 1908 unappropriated and unreserved public lands of the United States, and 31,775.7 sq. m. were See also:

• FOREST

forest reserves, of which 15,153.5 sq. m. were reserved between the 1st of July 1906 and the 1st of July 1907 . See also:

• PHYSICAL

Physical Features.—Idaho's See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation above See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level varies from 738 ft . (at See also:

• LEWISTON

Lewiston, Nez Perce See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county) to 12,078 ft . (Hyndman See also:

• PEAK, THE

Peak, on the boundary between See also:

• CUSTER, GEORGE ARMSTRONG (1839-1876)

Custer and See also:

• BLAINE, JAMES GILLESPIE (1830-1893)

Blaine counties), and its mean elevation is about 4500 ft . The S.E. corner of the See also:

• WEDGE (O. Eng. wecg, a mass of metal, cognate with Dutch wig, wigge, Dan. vaegge, &c.; in Lith. the cognate form outside Teut. is found in wagis, a peg, spigot; there is no connexion with " weigh," " weight," which must be referred to the root wegh, to li

wedge-shaped surface of the state is a See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

Basin region of the United States . The See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder of the state is divided by a See also:

• LINE

line See also:

• RUNNING

running S.E. and N.W., the smaller See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section, to the N. and E., belonging to the Rocky See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

Mountain region, and the larger, S. and W. of this imaginary line, being a part of the Columbia See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

Plateau region . The See also:

• TOPOGRAPHY
• TOPOGRAPHY (Gr. Toros, place, -partied', to write)

topography of the Great Basin region in Idaho is similar to that of the same region in other states (see NEVADA); in Idaho it forms a very small part of the state; its mountains are practically a part of the Wasatch Range of Utah; and the southward drainage of the region (into Great See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

Salt See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake, by See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

Bear See also:

• RIVER

river) also separates it from the other parts of the state . The Rocky Mountain region of Idaho is bounded by most of the state's irregular E. boundary—the See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

Bitter See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

Root, the Cceur d'Alene and the See also:

• CABINET

Cabinet ranges being parts of the Rocky Mountain See also:

• SYSTEM

System . The Rocky Mountain region reaches across the N. part of the state (the Panhandle), and well into the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the state farther S., where the region is widest and where the See also:

• SALMON
• SALMON, GEORGE (1819-1904)

Salmon River range is the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal one . The region is made up in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of high ranges deeply glaciated, preserving some remnants of See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient glaciers, and having See also:

• FINE

fine " Alpine " scenery, with many See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp peaks and ridges, U-shaped valleys, cirques, lakes and waterfalls .

In the third physiographic region, the Columbia plateau, are the Saw Tooth, See also:

• BOISE

Boise, Owyhee and other rugged ranges, especially on the S. and W. See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders of the region . The most prominent features of this part of the state are the arid Snake river plains and three mountain-like elevations—Big, Middle and See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East Buttes—that rise from their midst . The plains extend from near the S.E. corner of the state in a curved course to the W. and N.W. for about 350 M. over a See also:

• BELT (a word common to Teutonic languages, the Old Ger. form being bale, from which the Lat. balteus probably derived)
• BELT, THOMAS (1832-1878)

belt 5o to 75 M. wide, and See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover about 30,000 sq. m . Where they See also:

• CROSS

cross the W. border at Lewiston is the lowest elevation in the state, 738 ft. above the sea . Instead of being one See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain formed by erosion, this region is rather a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of plains built up with sheets of See also:

• LAVA

lava, several thousand feet deep, varying considerably in elevation and in smoothness of surface according to the nature of the lava, aad being greater in area than any other lava beds in See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North America except those of the Columbia river, which are of similar formation and, with the Snake river plains, See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the Columbia plateau . Many volcanic cones See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark the surface, but by far the most prominent among them are Big See also:

• BUTTE
• BUTTE (O. Fr. butte, a hillock or rising ground)

Butte, which rises precipitously 2350 ft. above the plain (7659 ft. above the sea) in the E. part of Blaine county, and East Butte, 700 ft. above the plain, in the N.W. part of See also:

• BINGHAM, JOSEPH (1668-1723)

Bingham county . Middle Butte (400 ft. above the plain, also in Bingham county) is an upraised See also:

• BLOCK
• BLOCK (from the Fr. bloc, and possibly connected with an Old Ger. Block, obstruction, cf. " baulk ")
• BLOCK, MAURICE (1816–19or)

block of stratified See also:

• BASALT

basalt . The Snake river (which receives all the drainage of Idaho except small amounts taken by the See also:

• SPOKANE

Spokane, the Pend Oreille and the Kootenai in the N., all emptying directly into the Columbia, and by some See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor streams of the S.E. that empty into Great Salt Lake, Utah) rises in Yellowstone See also:

• NATIONAL

National See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park a few See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles from the heads of the See also:

• MADISON
• MADISON, JAMES (1751–1836)

Madison See also:

• FORK (Lat. furca)

fork of the See also:

• MISSOURI

Missouri, which flows to the Gulf of See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico, and the See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

Green fork of the See also:

• COLORADO

Colorado, which flows to the Gulf of See also:

• CALIFORNIA
• CALIFORNIA, LOWER (Baja California)
• CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF

California . It flows S.W. and then W. for about 800 m. in a tremendous See also:

• CANON

canon.across See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern Idaho; turns N. and runs for 200 M. as the boundary between Idaho and Oregon (and for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short distance between Idaho and Washington) ; turns again at Lewiston (where it ceases to be the boundary, and where the Clearwater empties into it) to the W. into a deep narrow valley, and joins the Columbia in S.E . Washington . Practically all the valley of the Snake from Idaho Falls in S.E . Idaho (Bingham county) to the mouth is of canon See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, with walls from a few See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred to 6000 ft. in height (about 65o m. in Idaho) .

The finest parts are among the most magnificent in the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west; among its falls are the See also:

• AMERICAN

American (See also:

• ONEIDA
• ONEIDA (a corruption of their proper name Oneyotka-ono, " people of the stone," in allusion to the Oneida stone, a granite boulder near their former village, which was held sacred by them)

Oneida and Blaine counties), and the Shoshone and the Salmon (See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln county) . At the Shoshone Falls the river makes a sudden plunge of nearly 200 ft., and the Falls have been compared with the See also:

• NIAGARA
• NIAGARA, FORT

Niagara and See also:

• ZAMBEZI

Zambezi; a short distance back of the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main fall is a See also:

• CATARACT (from the Lat. form cataracta of the Gr. Karapplucrgss, a floodgate, or waterfall, properly something which rushes down)

cataract of 125 ft., the Bridal See also:

• VEIL (O.Fr. veile, mod. voile, from Lat. velum, cloth, awning, sail)

Veil . Between See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry's Fork and Malade (or Big See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

Wood) river, a distance of 200 m., the river apparently has no See also:

• NORTHERN

northern tributaries; but several streams, as the Camas, See also:

• MEDICINE

Medicine See also:

• LODGE
• LODGE, EDMUND (1756-1839)
• LODGE, H
• LODGE, HENRY CABOT (1850– )
• LODGE, SIR OLIVER JOSEPH (1851– )
• LODGE, THOMAS (c. 1558–1625)

Lodge and See also:

• BIRCH
• BIRCH (Betula)
• BIRCH, SAMUEL (1813–1885)
• BIRCH, THOMAS (1705-1766)

Birch creeks, and Big and Little Lost See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers, which fail to penetrate the plain of the Snake after reaching its border, are believed tojoin it through subterranean channels . The more important affluents are the North Fork in the E., the Raft, Salmon Falls and the See also:

• BRUNEAU, ALFRED (1857– )

Bruneau in the S., the Owyhee and the Payette in the S.W., and the Salmon and Clearwater in the W . The scenery on some of these tributaries is almost as beautiful as that of the Snake, though lacking the grandeur of its greater See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale . In 1904 See also:

• ELECTRICITY

electricity, generated by See also:

• WATER

water-See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power from the rivers, notably the Snake, began to be utilized in See also:

• MINING

mining operations . Scattered among the mountains are numerous (glacial) lakes . In the N. are: Cceur d'Alene Lake, in Kootenai county, about 30 M. long and from 2 to 4 M. wide, drained by the Spokane river; See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

Priest Lake, in See also:

• BONNER, EDMUND (1500?—1569)

Bonner county, 20 M. long and about 10 m. wide; and mostly in Bonner, but partly in Kootenai county, a widening of See also:

• CLARK, FRANCIS EDWARD (1851- )
• CLARK, GEORGE ROGERS (1752—1818)
• CLARK, JOHN BATES (1847— )
• CLARK, JOSIAH LATIMER (1822—1898)
• CLARK, SIR ANDREW
• CLARK, SIR JAMES (1788—1870)
• CLARK, THOMAS (1801—1867)
• CLARK, WILLIAM (1770-1838)
• CLARK, WILLIAM GEORGE (1821—1878)

Clark Fork, Lake Pend Oreille, 6o m. long and from 3 to 15 m. wide, which is spanned by a trestle of the Northern Pacific 8400 ft. long . Bear Lake, in the extreme S.E., lies partly in Utah . See also:

• MINERAL

Mineral springs and hot springs are also a notable feature of Idaho's physiography, being found in Washington, Ada, Blaine, See also:

• BANNOCK
• BANNOCK (adapted from the Gaelic, and apparently connected with Lat. panic, bread)

Bannock, See also:

• CASSIA (Lat. cassia, Gr. mulct)
• CASSIA, VIA

Cassia, Owyhee, Oneida, Nez Perce, Kootenai, Shoshone and See also:

• FREMONT
• FREMONT, JOHN CHARLES (1813-1890)

Fremont counties . At Soda Springs in Bannock county are scores of springs whose See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters, some See also:

• ICE (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Eis)

ice See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold and some warm, contain See also:

• MAGNESIA

magnesia, soda, See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron, See also:

• SULPHUR

sulphur, &c.; near Hailey, Blaine county, water with a temperature of 144° F. is discharged from numerous springs; and at Boise, water with a temperature of 165° is obtained from See also:

• WELLS
• WELLS, CHARLES JEREMIAH (1798?–1879)
• WELLS, DAVID AMES (1828—1898)
• WELLS, HERBERT GEORGE (1866— )
• WELLS, SIR THOMAS SPENCER, 1ST BART

wells . The See also:

• FAUNA

fauna and See also:

• FLORA

flora of Idaho are similar in general to those of the other states in the north-western part of the United States .

See also:

• CLIMATE

Climate.—The mean See also:

• ANNUAL

annual temperature of Idaho from 1898 to 1903 was 45.5° F . There are several distinct climate zones within the state . North of Clearwater river the climate is comparatively mild, the maximum in 1902 (96° F.) being See also:

• LOWER

lower than the highest temperature in the state and the minimum (– 16°) higher than the lowest temperature registered . The mildest region of the state is the Snake river basin between Twin Falls' and Lewiston, and the valley of the Boise, Payette and Weiser rivers; here the mean annual temperature in 1902 was 52° F., the maximum was 1o6° F., and the minimum was – 13° F . In the Upper Snake basin, in the Camas See also:

• PRAIRIE (adopted from the Fr. prairie, a meadow-tract. Late Lat. prataria, Lat. pratum, meadow)

prairie and Lost river regions, the climate is much colder, the highest temperature in 1902 being 1o1 ° and the lowest – 35° F . The mean annual rainfall for the entire state in 1903 was 16.6o in.; the highest amount recorded was at See also:

• MURRAY
• MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
• MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
• MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
• MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
• MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
• MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
• MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
• MURRAY, JOHN
• MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
• MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
• MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
• MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
• MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )

Murray, Shoshone county (37.70 in.) and the lowest was at See also:

• GARNET
• GARNET, or GARNETT, HENRY (1555—1606)

Garnet, Elmore county (5.69 in.) . See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

Agriculture.—The principal source of See also:

• WEALTH

wealth in Idaho was in 1900 agriculture, but it had long been secondary to mining, and its development had been impeded by certain natural disadvantages . Except for the broad valleys of the Panhandle, where the soils are See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black in See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour and See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich in See also:

• VEGETABLE

vegetable See also:

• MOULD

mould, the surface of the state is arid; the Snake river valley is a vast lava See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed, covered with deposits of salt and See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand, or soils of volcanic origin . And, apart from this, the farming See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country was long without transport facilities . The fertile northern plateaus, the Camas and Nez Perce prairies and the Palouse country—a wonderful region for growing the durum or See also:

• MACARONI (from dialectic Ital. maccare, to bruise or crush)

macaroni See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat—until 1898 had no See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market nearer than Lewiston, 50-70 M. away; and even in 1898, when the railway was built, large parts of the region were not tapped by it, and were as much as 30 m. from any See also:

• SHIPPING

shipping point, for the road had followed the Clear-water . In the arid southern region, also, there was no railway until 1885, when the Oregon Short Line was begun . Like limitations in N. and S. had like effects: for years the country was devoted to live-stock, which could be driven to a distant market .

See also:

• TIMOTHY
• TIMOTHY, FIRST EPISTLE TO
• TIMOTHY, SECOND EPISTLE TO

Timothy was grown in the northern, and See also:

• ALFALFA

alfalfa in the southern region as a See also:

• FORAGE

forage See also:

• CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop . Even at this earliest See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, See also:

• IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation, See also:

• SIMPLE

simple and individual, had begun in the southern section, the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head waters of the few streams in this See also:

• DISTRICT

district being soon surrounded by farms . Co-operation and colonization followed, and more ditching was clone, co-operative irrigation canals were constructed with some elaborate and large dams and head See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates . The See also:

• CAREY, HENRY (d. 1743)
• CAREY, HENRY CHARLES (1793-1879)
• CAREY, WILLIAM (1761-1834)

Carey See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act (1894) and the Federal Reclamation Act (19o2)introduced the most important period of irrigation . Under the Carey Act the Twin Falls project, deriving water from the Snake river near Twin Falls, and irrigating more than 200,000 acres, was completed in 1903–1905 . The great projects undertaken with Federal aid were: the Minidoka, in Lincoln and Cassia counties, of which survey began in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1903 and construction in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1904, and which was completed in 1907, commanding an irrigable area of 130,000-150,000 acres,' and has a diversion See also:

• DAM

dam (See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock-fill type) 600 ft. long, and 130 M. of canals and 110 m. of laterals; the larger Payette-Boise project in Ada, See also:

• CANYON (Anglicized form of Span. canon, a tube, pipe or cannon; the Spanish form being also frequently written)

Canyon and Owyhee counties (372,000 acres irrigable; 300,000 now See also:

• DESERT

desert; 6o% privately owned), whose principal features are the Payette dam (rock-fill), See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo ft. high and 400 ft. long, and the Boise dam (See also:

• MASONRY

masonry), 33 ft. high and 400 ft. long, 200 M. of canals, loo m. of laterals, a See also:

• TUNNEL (Fr. tonne!, later tonneau, a diminutive from Low Lat. tonna, tunna, a tun, cask)

tunnel 1moo ft. long and 12,500 h.p. transmitted 29 m., 3000 h.p. being necessary to See also:

• PUMP

pump to a height of 50-90 ft. water for the irrigation of 15,000 acres; and the See also:

• DUBOIS
• DUBOIS, FRANCOIS CLEMENT THEODORE (1837– )
• DUBOIS, GUILLAUME (1656–1723)
• DUBOIS, JEAN ANTOINE (1765-1848)
• DUBOIS, PAUL (1829-1905)
• DUBOIS, PIERRE (c. 1250-c. 1312)

Dubois project, the largest in the state, on which survey and See also:

• RECONNAISSANCE (from Fr. reconnaitre, to recognize, Lat. recognoscere)

reconnaissance See also:

• WORK

work were done in 1903–1904, which requires storage sites on the North Fork of the es_ ' Of these 8o,000 acres are reached directly—72,000 N., and 8000 S. of the Snake river; and from 50,000 to 70,000 acres more are above the level of the canals and will have water pumped to them by the 11,000-30,000 h.p. See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed . Snake and on nearly all the important branches of the North Fork, value of the deposits of See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold and See also:

• SILVER

silver about 1860 that led to the and whose See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field is 200,000—250,000 acres, almost entirely Federal See also:

• PROPERTY

property, un the W. end of Fremont county between Mud Lake and the lower end of Big Lost river . A further step in irrigation is the utilization of underground waters: in the Big Camas Prairie region, Blaine county, water to ft. below the surface is tapped and pumped by electricity generated from the only surface water of the region, Camas See also:

• CREEK
• CREEK (Mid. Eng. crike or creke, common to many N. European languages)

Creek . In 1899 the value of the crops and other agricultural products of the irrigated region amounted to more than seven-tenths of the total for the state . In 1907, according to the See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

Report of the state See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner of See also:

• IMMIGRATION (from Lat. in, into, and tnigrare, to depart)

immigration, 1,559,915 irrigated acres were under cultivation, and 3,266,386 acres were " covered " by canals 3789 m, long and costing $11,257,02 Up to 1900 the most prosperous period (absolutely) in the agricultural development of the state was the last See also:

• DECADE (from Gr. Oka, ten)

decade of the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century; the relative increase, however, was greater between 1880 and 1890 . The number of farms increased from 1885 in 188o to 6603 in 1890 and to 17,471 in 1900; the See also:

• FARM

farm acreage from 327,798 in 1880 to 1,302,256 in 1890 and to 3,204,903 acres in 1900; the irrigated area (exclusive of farms on See also:

• INDIAN

Indian reservations) from 217,005 acres in 1889 to 602,568 acres in 1899; the value of products increased from 81,515,314 in 1879 to $3,848,930 in 1889, and to 818,051,625 in 1899; the value of farm land with improvements (including buildings) from $2,832,890 in 1880 to $17,431,580 in 1890 and 842,318,183 in 1900; the value of implements and machinery from 8363,930 in 188o to $1,172,460 in 1890 and to $3,295,045 in 1900; and that of live-stock from $4,023,800 in 188o to $7,253,490 in 1890 and to $21,657,974 in 1900 . In 1900 the See also:

• AVERAGE

average See also:

• SIZE

size of farms was 183.4 acres .

Cultivation by owners is the prevailin form of See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure, 91.3% of the farms being so operated in 1900 (2.3 % by See also:

• CASH

cash tenants and 6.4% by See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share tenants) . As illustrative of agricultural conditions the contrast of the products of farms operated by See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians, See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese and whites is of considerable See also:

• INTEREST

interest, the value of products (not fed to live-stock) per See also:

• ACRE
• ACRE, or AQUIRY

acre of the 563 Indian farms being in 1899 $1.40, that of the 16,876 See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white farms $4.67, and that of the 23 Chinese farms intensively cultivated and devoted to market vegetables $69.83 . The income from agriculture in 1899 was almost equally divided between crops ($8,951,440) and See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal products ($8,784,364)—in t See also:

• HAT

hat 7•See also:

• EAR (common Teut.; O.E. are, Ger. Ohr, Du. oor, akin to Lat. auris, Gr. ovs)

ear forest products were valued at $315,821 . Of the crops, See also:

• HAY
• HAY (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Heu, Dutch hooi; the root from which it is derived, meaning " to cut," is also seen in " to hew "; cf. " hoe ")
• HAY, GEORGE (1729—1811)
• HAY, GILBERT
• HAY, JOHN (1838–1905)

hay and forage were the most valuable ($4,238,993), yielding 47'4% of the total value of crops, an increase of more than 200 % over that of 1889, and in 1907, according to the See also:

• YEAR

Year-See also:

• BOOK

book of the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

Department of Agriculture, the crop was valued at $8,585,000 . Wheat, which in 1899 ranked second ($2,131,953), showed an increase of more than 400 % in the decade, and the farm value of the crop of 1907, according to the Year-book of the United States Department of Agriculture, was $5,788,000; the value of the See also:

• BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley crop in 1899 (8312,730) also increased more than 400 % over that.of 1889, and in 1907 the farm value of the product, according to the same authority, was $1,265,000; the value of the See also:

• OAT (O. Eng. ate; the word is not found in cognate languages; it may be allied with Fr. eitel, knot, nodule, cf. Gr. oiSos swelling)

oat crop in 1899 ($702,955) showed an increase of more than 300% in the decade, and the value of the product in 1907, according to the United States Department of Agriculture, was $2,397,000 . More than one-See also:

• HALF

half of the cereal crop in 1905 was produced in the prairie and plateau region of Nez Perce and Latah counties . The See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of See also:

• ORCHARD (O. Eng. ort-geard, later orceard; a combination apparently of Lat. hortus, garden, and " yard " or " Barth ")

orchard fruits (apples, cherries, peaches, See also:

• PEARS

pears, plums and prunes) increased greatly from 1889 to 1899; the six counties of Ada, Canyon (probably the leading See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit county of the state), Latah (famous for apples), Washington, Owyhee and Nez Perce had in 1900 89% of the See also:

• PLUM

plum and See also:

• PRUNE (adapted in various forms, e.g. prunne, proyne, &c., from Fr. prune, Med. Lat. pruna, Lat. prunum, Gr. irpovvov, earlier Trpouµvov, plum)

prune trees, 85% of all See also:

• PEAR (Pyrus communis)

pear trees . 78 % of all See also:

• CHERRY

cherry trees, and 74% of all See also:

• APPLE (a common Teut. word, A.S. aepl, aeppel, O.H.G. aphul, aphal, apfal, mod. Ger. Apfel)

apple trees in the state, and in 1906 it was estimated by the State Commissioner of Immigration that there were nearly 48,000 acres of land devoted to orchard fruits in Idaho . Viticulture is of importance, particularly in the Lewiston valley . In 1906, 234,000 tons of See also:

• SUGAR

sugar See also:

• BEETS, NIKOLAAS (1814-1903)

beets were raised, and See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields in the Boise valley raised 30 tons per acre . Of the animal products in 1899, the most valuable was live-stock sold during the year ($3,909,454); the stock-raising See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry was carried on most extensively in the S.E. part of the state . See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

Wool ranked second in value ($2,210,790), and according to the estimate of the National Association of Wool Manufactures for 1907, Idaho ranked See also:

• FOURTH

fourth among the wool-producing states in number of See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep (2,500,000), third in wool, washed and unwashed (17,250,000 lb), and fourth in scoured wool (5,692,500 lb) .

In See also:

• JANUARY

January 1908, according to the Year-book of the Department of Agriculture, the number and farm values of live-stock were: milch cows, 69,000, valued at $2,208,000, and other neat See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle, 344,000, valued at $5,848,000; horses, 150,000, $11,250,000; sheep, 3,575,000, $12,691,000; and See also:

• SWINE

swine, 130,000, $910,000 . According to state reports for 1906, most of the neat cattle were then on ranges in Lemhi, Idaho, Washington, Cassia and Owyhee counties; Nez Perce, Canyon, Fremont, Idaho, and Washington counties had the largest number of horses; Owyhee, Blaine and Canyon counties had the largest See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers of sheep, and Idaho and Nez Perce counties were the principal swine-raising regions . The pasture lands of the state have been greatly decreased by the increase of forest reserves, especially by the large reservations made in r906—1907 . Mining .. —The mineral resource: of Idaho are second only to the agricultural; indeed it was priularilythe See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of the immense See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of Idaho Territory . In Idaho, as elsewhere, the first form of mining was a very lucrative working of placer deposits; this gave way to vein mining and a greatly reduced production of gold and silver after 1878, on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the exhaustion of the placers . Then came an See also:

• ADJUSTMENT (from late Lat. ad juxtare, derived from juxta, near, but early confounded with a supposed derivation from justus, right)

adjustment to new conditions and a See also:

• GRADUAL (Med. Lat. gradualis, of or belonging to steps or degrees; gradus, step)

gradual increase of the product . The total mineral product in 1906, according to the State Mine Inspector, was valued at $24,138,317 . The total gold production of Idaho from 186o to 1906 has been estimated at $250,000,000, of which a large part was produced in the Idaho Basin, the region lying between the N. fork of the Boise and the S. fork of the Payette rivers . In 1901—1902 rich gold deposits were discovered in the See also:

• THUNDER

Thunder Mountain district in Idaho county . The counties with the largest production of gold in 1907 (state report) were Owyhee ($362,742), Boise ($282,444), Custer ($210,900) and Idaho; the total for the state was $1,075,618 in 1905; in 1906 it was $1,149,100; and in 1907, according to state reports, $1,373,031 . The total of the state for silver in 1905 was $5,242,172; in 1906 it was $6,042,606; in 1907, according to state reports, it was $5,546,554 .

The richest deposits of silver are those of Wood river and of the Coeur d'Alene district in Shoshone county (opened up in 1886) ; the county's product in 1906 was valued at $5,322,706, an increase of $917,743 over the preceding year; in 1907 it was $4,780,093, according to state reports . T'he production of the next richest county, Owyhee, in 1907, was less than one tenth that of Shoshone county, which yields, besides, about one half of the See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead See also:

• MINED

mined in the United States, its product of lead being valued at $9,851,076 in 1904, at $14,365,265 in 1906, and at $12,232,233 (state report) in 1907 . Idaho was the first of the states in its output of lead from 1896, when it first passed Colorado in See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank, to 1906, excepting the year 1899, when Colorado again was first; the value of the lead mined in 1906 was $14,535,823, and of that mined in 1907 (state report), $12,470,375 . High grade See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper ores have been produced in the Seven Devils and Washington districts of Washington county; there are deposits, little developed up to 1906, in Lemhi county (which was almost in-accessible by railway) and in Bannock county; the copper mined in 1905 was valued at $1,134,846, and in 1907, according to state reports, at $2,241,177, of which about two-thirds was the output of the Cceur d'Alene district in Shoshone county . See also:

• ZINC

Zinc occurs in the Coeur d'Alene district, at Hailey, Blaine county and elsewhere; according to the state reports, the state's output in Igo6 was valued at $91,426 and in 1907 at $534,087 . Other minerals of economic value are See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone, quarried at Boise, Ada county, at See also:

• PRESTON
• PRESTON, JOHN (1587-1628)

Preston, Oneida county, and at See also:

• GOSHEN

Goshen, Prospect and Idaho Falls, Bingham county, valued at $22,265 in 1905, and at $11,969 in 1906; See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone, valued at $14,105 in 1905 and at $12,600 in 1906, used entirely for the See also:

• LOCAL

local manufacture of See also:

• LIME
• LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

lime, part of which was used in the manufacture of sugar; and See also:

• COAL

coal, in the Horseshoe See also:

• BEND

Bend and See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem districts in Boise county, in Lemhi county near Salmon See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

City, and in E . Bingham and Fremont counties, with an output in 1906 of 5365 tons, valued at $18,538 as compared with 20 and lo tons respectively in 1899 and 1900 . Minerals developed slightly, or not at all, are See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite, valued at $1500 in 1905; surface salt, in the arid and semi-arid regions; See also:

• NICKEL
• NICKEL (symbol Ni, atomic weight 58.68 (0=16))

nickel and See also:

• COBALT (symbol Co, atomic weight 59)

cobalt, in Lemhi county; See also:

• TUNGSTEN [symbol W, atomic weight 184.o (0=16)]

tungsten, near Murray, Shoshone county; See also:

• MONAZITE

monazite and See also:

• ZIRCON

zircon, in certain sands; and some See also:

• PUMICE (Lat. purnex, spumex, spuma, froth)

pumice . Manufactures.--The manufactures of Idaho in 1900 were relatively unimportant, the value of all products of establishments under the " factory system " being $3,001,442; in 1905 the value of such manufactured products had increased 192.2%, to $8,768,743 . The manufacturing establishments were limited to the See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply of local demands . The principal See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries were devoted to See also:

• LUMBER

lumber and See also:

• TIMBER

timber products, valued at $908,670 in 1900, and in 1905 at $2,834,506, 211.9% more . In 1906 the Weyerhauser See also:

• SYNDICATE

Syndicate built at See also:

• POTLATCH

Potlatch, a See also:

• TOWN

town built by the syndicate in Latah county, a lumber See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

mill, supposed to be the largest in the United States, with { a daily capacity of 750,000 ft .

In Bonner county there are great See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills at Sand Point and at Bonner's See also:

• FERRY (from the same root as that of the verb " to fare," to journey or travel, common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. fahren; it is connected with the root of Gr. 7ropos, way, and Lat. portage, to carry)
• FERRY, JULES FRANCOIS CAMILLE (1832—1893)

Ferry . In these and the other 93 saw-mills in the state in 1905 See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam generated by the See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste wood was the See also:

• COMMON

common power . The raw material for these products was secured from the 35,000 sq. m. of timber land in the state (6164 sq. m. having been reserved up to 1905, and 31,775.7 sq. m. up to See also:

• APRIL

April 1907 by the United States See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government) ; four-fifths of the cut in 1900 was yellow See also:

• PINE (Lat. Pinus, Gr. srlrur)

pine . See also:

• FLOUR

Flour and grist mill products ranked second among the manufactures, being valued at $1,584,473 in 1905, an increase of nearly 116% over the product in 1900; and steam-See also:

• CAR (Late Lat. carra)

car construction and See also:

• REPAIRS (from Lat. reparare, to make ready again)

repairs ranked third, with a value of $913,670 in 1905 and $523,631 in 1900 . In 1903—1904 the cultivation of sugar beets and the manufacture of See also:

• BEET

beet sugar were undertaken, and manufacturing establishments for that purpose were installed at Idaho Falls and See also:

• BLACKFOOT (Siksika)

Blackfoot (Bingham county), at Sugar, or Sugar City (Fremont county), a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place built up about the sugar refineries, and at Nampa, Canyon county . In 1906 between 57,000,000 and 64,000,000 lb of beet sugar were refined in the state . See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

Brick-making was of little more than local importance in 1906, the largest kilns being at Boise, Sand Point and Cceur d'Alene City . Lime is made at Orofino, Shoshone county, and at See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

Hope, Bonner county . Communications.—The total railway mileage in January 1909 was 2,022.0.1 m., an increase from 206 m. in 188o and 946 M. in 18o0, The Great Northern, the Northern Pacific, and the OregonRailway & See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

Navigation lines cross the N. part of the state; the Oregon Short Line crosses the S., and the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union Pacific, which owns the Oregon Railway & Navigation and the Oregon Short Line roads, crosses the eastern part . The constitution declares that See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways are public highways, that the legislature has authority to regulate rates, and that discrimination in tolls shall not be allowed . See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

Population.—The population of Idaho in 2870 was 14,999; in r88o it was 32,610, an increase of 117.4%; in t890 it was 88,548, an increase of 158.8%; in 1900 161,772 (82.7% increase); and in 1910 325,J94 (101.3% increase) . Of the inhabitants 15.2% were in 1900 See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign-See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born and 4.5% were coloured, the coloured population consisting of 293 negroes, 1291 See also:

• JAPANESE

Japanese, 1467 Chinese and 4226 Indians .

The Indians lived principally in three reservations, the Fort See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall and Lemhi reservations (1350 sq. m. and too sq. m. respectively), in S.E. and E . Idaho, being occupied by the Shoshone, Bannock and Sheef-eater tribes, and the Coeur d'Alene See also:

• RESERVATION (Lat. reservare, to keep back)

reservation (632 sq. m.), in the N.W.,by the Coeur d'Alene and Spokane tribes . The former Nez Perce reservation, in the N.W. part of the state, was abolished in 1895, and the Nez Perces were put under the supervision of the See also:

• SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent of the Indian School at Fort Lapwai, about 12 M . E. of Lewiston, in Nez Perce county . Of these tribes, the Nez Perce and Coeur d'Alene were self-supporting; the other tribes were in 1900 dependent upon the United States government for 30% of their rations . Of the 24,604 foreign-born inhabitants of the state, 3943 were from See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, 2974 were from See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, 2528 were See also:

• CANADIAN

Canadian See also:

• ENGLISH

English, 2822 were from See also:

• SWEDEN
• SWEDEN [Sverige]
• SWEDEN, NORWAY AND

Sweden, and 1633 were from See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, various other countries being represented by smaller numbers . The See also:

• URBAN
• URBAN (Urbanus)

urban population of Idaho in 1900 (i.e. the population of places having 4000 or more inhabitants) was 6.2% of the whole . There were See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-three incorporated cities, towns and villages, but only five had a population exceeding 2000; these were Boise (5957), Pocatello (4046), Lewiston (2425), See also:

• MOSCOW (Russian Moskva)
• MOSCOW, (Russian Moskva)

Moscow (2484) and See also:

• WALLACE, ALFRED RUSSEL (1823— )
• WALLACE, LEWIS [LEW] (1827—1905)
• WALLACE, SIR RICHARD
• WALLACE, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1270-1305)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM (1768-1843)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM (1844-1897)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM VINCENT (1814-1865)

Wallace (2265) . In 2906 it was estimated that the total membership of all religious denominations was 74,578, and that there were 32,425 Latter-See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

Day See also:

• SAINTS, BATTLE OF THE

Saints or See also:

• MORMONS

Mormons (266 of the Reorganized See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church), 18,0J7 See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Catholics, 5884 Methodist Episcopalians (5313 of the Northern Church), 3770 Presbyterians (3698 of the Northern Church), 3206 Disciples of See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ, and 2374 See also:

• BAPTISTS

Baptists (2331 of the Northern See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

Convention) . Government.—The