See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

COUNT See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

NICHOLAS PAVLOVICH See also:

• COUNT NICHOLAS PAVLOVICH IGNATIEV (1832-1908)

IGNATIEV (1832-1908)  , See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian diplomatist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg on the 29th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1832 . His See also:

• FATHER

father, See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul See also:

• IGNATIEV, NICHOLAS PAVLOVICH, COUNT (1832-1908)

Ignatiev, had been taken into favour by the See also:

• TSAR, or CZAR

tsar See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas I., owing to his fidelity on the occasion of the military See also:

• CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy in 1825; and the See also:

• GRAND

grand See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander (afterwards tsar) stood See also:

• SPONSOR (from Lat. spondere, to promise)

sponsor at the boy's See also:

• BAPTISM

baptism . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of seventeen he became an officer of the See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

Guards . His See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic career began at the See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, after the See also:

• CRIMEAN

Crimean See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, where he took an active See also:

• PART

part as military attache in the negotiations regarding the rectification of the Russian frontier on the See also:

• LOWER

Lower See also:

• DANUBE (Ger. Donau, Hungarian Duna, Rumanian Dunarea, Lat. Danubius or Danuvius, and in the lower part of its course Ister)

Danube . Two years later (18.58) he was sent with a small escort on a dangerous See also:

• MISSION

mission to See also:

• KHIVA

Khiva and See also:

• BOKHARA (Bokhara-i-Sherif)
• BOKHARA, or BUKHARA (the common central Asian pronunciation is Bukhara)

Bokhara . The See also:

• KHAN (from the Turki, hence Persian and Arabic Khan)

khan of Khiva laid a See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan for detaining him as a See also:

• HOSTAGE (through Fr. ostage, modern otage, from Late Lat. obsidaticum, the state of being an obses or hostage; Med. Lat. ostaticum, ostagium)

hostage, but he eluded the danger and returned safely, after concluding with the khan of Bokhara a treaty of friendship . His next diplomatic exploit was in the Far See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, as plenipotentiary to the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• PEKING, or PEKIN

Peking . When the Chinesg See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government was terrified by the advance of the Anglo-See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French expedition of 186o and the burning of the Summer See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

Palace, he worked on their fears so dexterously that he obtained for See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia not only the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• AMUR
• AMUR (known also as the Sakhalin-ula)

Amur, the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• OBJECT

object of the mission, but also a large extent of territory and See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of that See also:

• RIVER

river . This success was supposed to prove his capacity for dealing with Orientals, and paved his way to the See also:

• POST

post of See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador at See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople, which he occupied from 1864 till 1877 . Here his See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief aim was to liberate from See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish domination and bring under the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of Russia the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian nationalities in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general and the Bulgarians in particular . His restless activity in this See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field, mostly of a semi-See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official and See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, culminated in the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878, at the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of which he negotiated with the Turkish plenipotentiaries the treaty of See also:

• SAN

San Stefano . As the war which he had done so much to bring about did not eventually secure for Russia advantages commensurate with the sacrifices involved, he See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into disfavour, and retired from active service .

Shortly after the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of Alexander III. in 1881, he was appointed See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of the interior on the understanding that he would carry out a nationalist, reactionary policy, but his shifty ways and his administrative incapacity so displeased his imperialmaster that he was dismissed in the following See also:

• YEAR

year . After that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he exercised no important influence in public affairs . He died on the 3rd of See also:

• JULY

July 1908 .