ILION  , a

village of Herkimer county, New York, U.S.A., about 12 M . S.E. of Utica, on the S. bank of the Mohawk river . Pop . (1890) 4057; (1900) 5138 (755 foreign-born); (1905, state census) 5924; (1910) 6588 . It is served by the New York Central & Hudson river, and the West Shore railways, by the Utica & Mohawk Valley Electric railroad, and by the Erie canal . It has a public library (1868) of about 13,500 volumes, a public hospital and a village hall . The village owns its water-works and its electric-lighting plant . Its principal manufactures are Remington typewriters and Remington fire-arms (notably the Remington rifle); other manufactures are filing cabinets and cases and library and office furniture (the Clark & Baker Co.), knit goods, carriages and harness, and store fixtures . In 1828 Eliphalet Remington (1793—1861) established here a small factory for the manufacture of rifles . He invented, and, with the assistance of his sons, Philo (1816-1889), Samuel and Eliphalet, improved the famous Remington rifle, which was adopted by several European governments, and was supplied in large numbers to the United States army . In 1856 the company added the manufacture of farming tools, in 1870 sewing-machines, ILKESTON-ILLE -ET-VILAINE of its dairy produce . There are also numerous collieries, producing coal of superior quality, and iron ore, fireclay and freestone are plentiful .

The

Illawarra Lake, a salt lagoon, 9 M. long and 3 M. wide, is encircled by hills and is connected with the sea. by a narrow channel; quantities of fish are caught in it and wild fowl are abundant along its shores . The chief towns in the district are Wollongong, Kiama, Clifton and Shellharbour . ILLE-ET-VILAINE, a maritime department of north-western France, formed in 1790 out of the eastern part of the old province of Brittany . Pop . (1906) 611,8o5 . Area 2699 sq. m . It is bounded N. by the English Channel, the Bay of St Michel and the department of Manche; E. by Mayenne; S. by Loire-Inferieure; and W. by Morbihan and Cotes-du-Nord . The territory of Ille-et-Vilaine constitutes a depression bordered by hills which reach their maximum altitudes (over 800 ft.) in the N.E. and W. of the department . The centre of this depression, which separates the hills of Brittany from those of Normandy, is occupied by Rennes, capital of the department and an important junction of roads, rivers and railways . The department takes its name from its two principal rivers, the Ille and the Vilaine . The former joins the Vilaine at Rennes after a course of 18 m. through the centre of the department; and the latter, which rises in Mayenne, flows westwards as far as Rennes, where it turns abruptly south . The stream is tidal up to the port of Redon, and is navigable for barges as far as Rennes .

The Vilaine receives the Meu and the

Seiche, which are both navigable . There are two other navigable streams, the Airon and the Rance, the long estuary of which falls almost entirely within the department . The Ille-et-Rance canal connects the town of Rennes with those of Dinan and St Malo . The greater portion of the shore of the Bay of St Michel is covered by the Marsh of Dol, valuable agricultural land; which is protected from the inroads of the sea by dykes . Towards the open channel the coast is rocky . Small lakes are frequent in the interior of the department . The climate is temperate, humid and free from sudden changes . The south-west winds, while they keep the temperature mild, also bring frequent showers, and in spring and autumn thick fogs prevail . The soil is thin and not very fertile, but has been improved by the use of artificial manure . Cereals of all kinds are grown, but the principal are wheat, buckwheat, oats and barley . Potatoes, early vegetables, flax and hemp are also largely grown, and tobacco is cultivated in the arrondissement of St Malo . Apples and pears are the principal fruit, and the cider of the canton of Dol has a high reputation .

Cheese is made in considerable quantities, and the butter of Rennes is amongst the best in France . Large numbers of horses and cattle are raised . Mines of iron, lead and zinc (Pont-Nan) and quarries of slate, granite, &c., are worked . There are flour and saw-mills, brick works, boat-building yards, iron and copper foundries and forges, dyeworks, and a widespread tanning industry . Sail-cloth, rope, pottery, boots and shoes (Fougeres), edge-tools, nails, farming implements, paper and furniture are also among the products of the department . The chief ports are St Malo and St Servan . Fishing is very active on the coast, and St Malo, St Servan and Cancale equip fleets for the Newfoundland cod-banks . There are also important oyster-fisheries in the Bay of St Michel, espeeially at Cancale . The little town of Dinard is well known as a fashionable bathing-resort . Exports include agricultural products, butter, mine-posts and dried fish; imports, live-stock, coal, timber, building materials and American whew . The department is served by the Western railway, and has over 130 M. of navigable waterway . The population is of less distinctively Celtic origin than the Bretons of Western Brittany, between whom and the Normans and Angevins it forms a transitional group .

Ille-et-Vilaine is divided into the arrondissements of Fougeres, St Malo,

Montfort-sur-Meu, Redon, Rennes and Vitre, with 43 cantons and 36o communes . The chief town is Rennes, which is the seat of an archbishop and of a court of appeal, headquarters of the X. army corps, and the centre of an academie (educational division) . In addition to the capital, Fougeres, St Malo, St Servan, and in 1874 typewriters . The last-named industry was sold to the Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict Company in 1886, and soon afterwards, on the failure of the original Remington company, the fire-arms factory was bought by a New York City firm . A store was established on the present site of Ilion as early as 1816, but the village really dates from the completion of the Erie canal in 1825 . On the canal list it was called Steele's Creek, but it was also known as Morgan's Landing, and from 1830 to 1843 as Remington's Corners . The post-office, which was established in 1845, was named Remington, in honour of Eliphalet Remington; but later the present name was adopted . The village was incorporated in 1852 . Ilion is a part of the township of German Flats (pop. in 1900, 8663.; in 1910, ro,16o), settled by Palatinate Germans about 1725 . The township was the scene of several Indian raids during the French and Indian War and the War of Independence . Here General Herkimer began his advance to raise the siege of Fort Schuyler (1777), and subsequently Ilion was the rendezvous of Benedict Arnold's force during the same campaign .