IMPRESSMENT  , the name given in See also:

• ENGLISH

English to the exercise of the authority of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state to " See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press"' or compel the service of the subject for the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the See also:

• REALM

realm . Every See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign state must claim and at times exercise this See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power . The" drafting " of men for service in the See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• CIVIL

Civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War was a See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form. of impressment . All the monarchical, or republican, governments of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe have employed the press at one See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time or another . All forms of See also:

• CONSCRIPTION (from Lat. con-, together, and scribere, to write)

conscription, including the English See also:

• BALLOT (from Ital. ballotta, dim. of balla, a ball)

ballot for the See also:

• MILITIA (Fr. milice, Ger. Miliz, from Lat. miles, soldier, militia, military service)

militia, are but regulations of this sovereign right . In See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England impressment may be looked upon as an erratic, and often oppressive, way of enforcing the See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• OBLIGATION

obligation to serve in " the See also:

• HOST

host " or in the posse comitatus (power of the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county) . In See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, where the feudal organization was very See also:

• COMPLETE

complete in the Lowlands, and the tribal organization no less complete in the See also:

• HIGHLANDS, THE

Highlands, and where the state was weak, impressment was originally little known . After the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union of the two parliaments in 1707, no distinction was made between the two divisions of See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain . In England the See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of the See also:

• PLANTAGENET

Plantagenet See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty caused Welshmen to be pressed by the Lords Marchers, and Irish kerns to be pressed by the Lords See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

Deputy, for their See also:

• WARS

wars in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . Complaints were made by See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament of the oppressive use of this power as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as the reign of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward III., but it continued to be exercised . Readers of See also:

• SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM (1564-1616)

Shakespeare will remember See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Falstaff's See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission to press soldiers, and the manner, justified no doubt by many and See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar examples of the way in which the See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty was performed . A small sum It is now accepted generally that " to press " is a corruption of prest," as " impress " is of " imprest," but the word was quite early connected with "press," to squeeze, crush, hence to compel or force .

The " prest " was a sum of See also:

• MONEY

money advanced (O . Fr. prester, See also:

• MODERN

modern paler, to lend, See also:

• LAT

Lat. praestare, to stand before, provide, become See also:

• SURETY

surety for, &c.) to a See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person to enable him to perform some under-taking, hence used of See also:

• EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

earnest money given to soldiers on enlistment, or as the " coat and conduct " money alluded to in this See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article . The methods of compulsion used to get men for military service naturally connected the word with " to press " (Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere)to force, and all reference to the money advanced was lost (see See also:

• SKEAT, WALTER WILLIAM (1835– )

Skeat, Etym . See also:

• DIET

Diet., 1898, and the See also:

• QUOTATION

quotation from H . See also:

• WEDGWOOD, JOSIAH (1730-1795)

Wedgwood, Dict. of Eng . Etym.).called- imprest-money, or coat and conduct, money, was given to the men when pressed to enable them to reach the appointed See also:

• RENDEZVOUS

rendezvous . Soldiers were secured in this way by See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth, by See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles I., and by the parliament itself in the Civil War . The famous New See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

Model See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

Army of See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell was largely raised by impressment . Parliament ordered the county committees. to select recruits of " years meet for their employment and well clothed." After the Revolution of 1688 parliament occasionally made use of this resource . In 1779 a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general press of all rogues and vagabonds in See also:

• LONDON

London to be drafted into the regiments was ordered . It is said that all who were not too lame to run away or too destitute to bribe the See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish See also:

• CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
• CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
• CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
• CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
• CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)

constable were swept into the See also:

• NET

net . As they were encouraged to See also:

• DESERT

desert by the undisguised connivance of the See also:

• OFFICERS

officers and men who were disgusted with their See also:

• COMPANY

company, no further See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to use the press for the army was made .

A distinction between the liability of sailors and of other men See also:

• DATES

dates from the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . From an See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip and See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary (1556) it appears that the watermen of the See also:

• THAMES

Thames claimed exemption from the press as a privileged See also:

• BODY

body . They were declared liable, and the liability was clearly meant to extend to service as a soldier on See also:

• SHORE

shore . In the fifth See also:

• YEAR

year of Queen Elizabeth (1563)- an act was passed to define the liability of the sailors . It is known as " an Act touching politick considerations for the See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of the See also:

• NAVY

Navy." By its See also:

• TERM

term all fishermen and mariners were protected from being compelled " to serve as any soldiers upon the See also:

• LAND

Land or upon the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea, otherwise than as a mariner, except it shall be to serve under any See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain of some See also:

• SHIP

ship or See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel, for landing to do some See also:

• SPECIAL

special exploit which mariners have been used to do." The operation of the act was limited to ten years, but it was renewed repeatedly, and was at last indefinitely prolonged in the sixteenth year of the reign of Charles I . (1631) . By the See also:

• VAGRANCY (formed from " vagrant," wandering, unsettled; this word appears in Anglo-Fr. as wakerant and O.Fr. as wancrant, and is probably of Teut. origin, cf. M.L.G. welkern, to walk about; it is allied to Eng. " walk," and is not to be directly referred

Vagrancy Act of the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of Queen Elizabeth's reign {1597), disorderly serving-men and other disreputable characters, of whom a formidable See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list is given, were declared to be liable to be impressed for service in the See also:

• FLEET

fleet . The "Takers," as they were called in early times, the Press Gang of later days, were ordered to See also:

• PRESENT

present their commission to two justices of the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace, who were See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound to pick out " such sufficient number of able men, as iq the said commission shall be contained, to serve Her See also:

• MAJESTY (Fr. majeste; Lat. majestas, grandeur, greatness, from the base mag-, as in magnus, great, major, greater, &c.)

Majesty as aforesaid." The justices of the peace in the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast districts, who were often themselves concerned in the See also:

• SHIPPING

shipping See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, were, not always zealous in enforcing the press . The pressed sailors often deserted with the "imprest money " given them . Loud complaints were made by the See also:

• NAVAL

naval officers of the See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad quality of the men sent up to serve in the king's See also:

• SHIPS

ships, On the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, the Press Gangs were accused of extorting money, and of making illegal arrests . In the reign of Queen See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne (1703) an act was passed "_for the increase of See also:

• SEAMEN, LAWS RELATING TO

Seamen and the better encouragement of See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation, and the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of the See also:

• COAL

Coal Trade." The act which gave parish authorities power to apprentice boys to the sea exempted the apprentices from the press for three years, and until the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of eighteen . It especially reaffirmed the See also:

• PART

part of the Vagrancy Act of Elizabeth's reign which See also:

• LEFT

left rogues and vagabonds subject to be pressed for the sea service .

By the act for the " increase of Mariners and Seamen to navigate See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

Merchant Ships and,other trading ships or vessels," passed in the reign of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George II . (1740), all men over fifty-five were exempted from the press together with lads under eighteen, foreigners serving in See also:

• BRITISH

British ships (always numerous in war time), and landsmen who had gone to sea during their first two years . The act for " the better supplying of the cities of London and See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster with See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish " gave exemption to all masters of fishing-boats, to four apprentices and one mariner to each See also:

• BOAT (0. Eng. bdt; the true etymological connexion with Dutch and Ger. boot, Fr. bateau, Ital. battello presents great difficulties; Celtic forms are from O. Eng.)

boat, and all landsmen for two years, except in See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of actual invasion . By the act for the encouragement of See also:

• INSURANCE

insurance passed in 1774, the See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire insurance companies in London were entitled to secure exemption for See also:

• THIRTY

thirty See also:

• WATER

water-men each in their employment . Masters and mates of merchant vessels, and a proportion of men per ship in the colliers trading from the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north to London, were also exempt . Subject to such limitations as these, all seafaring men, and watermen on See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers, were liable to be pressed between the ages of eighteen and fifty-five, and might be pressed repeatedly for so See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long as their liability lasted . The See also:

• ROGUE

rogue and vagabond See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element were at the See also:

• MERCY (adapted from Fr. merci, Lat. merces, reward)
• MERCY (or MERCI), FRANZ, FREIHERR VON

mercy of the justices of the peace . The frightful epidemics of See also:

• FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever which desolated the navy till See also:

• LATE

late in the 18th century were largely due to the infection brought by the prisoners drafted from the See also:

• ILL

ill-kept jails of the time . As service in the fleet was most unpopular with the sailors, the press could often only be enforced by making a See also:

• PARADE (Fr. parade, an adaptation from Ital. parada; cf. Span. parada, from Lat. parade, to prepare, equip, furnish)

parade of strength and employing troops . The men had many See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends who were always willing to conceal them, and they themselves became See also:

• EXPERT (Lat. expertus, from experiri, to try)

expert in avoiding See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture . There was, however, one way of procuring them which gave them no See also:

• CHANCE (through the O. Fr. cheance, from the Late Lat. cadentia, things happening, from cadere, to fall out, happen; cf. " case ")

chance of evasion . The merchant ships were stopped at sea and the sailors taken out .

This was done to a great extent, more especially in the case of homeward-bound vessels . On one occasion, in 1802, an See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East Indiaman on her way See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home was deprived of so many of her See also:

• CREW (sometimes explained as a sea term of Scandinavian origin, cf. O. Icel. kris, a swarm or crowd, but now regarded as a shortened form of accrue, accrewe, used in the 16th century in the sense of a reinforcement, O. Fr. acreue, from accrofire, to grow,
• CREW, NATHANIEL CREW, 3RD BARON (1633–1721)

crew by a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of war in the See also:

• BAY

Bay of See also:

• BISCAY (Vizcaya)
• BISCAY, BAY OF (Fr. Golfe de Gascogne; Sp. Golfo de Vizcaya)

Biscay that she was unable to resist a small See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• PRIVATEER

privateer, and was carried off as a See also:

• PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

prize with a valuable See also:

• CARGO (Span. for " loading," from Lat. carries, car)

cargo . The press and the jails failed to See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply the number of men required . In 1795 it was .found necessary to impose on the counties the obligation to provide " a See also:

• QUOTA

quota " of men, at their own expense . The See also:

• LOCAL

local authorities provided the recruits by offering high bounties, often to debtors confined in the prisons . These desperate men were a very bad element in the navy . In 1797 they combined with the See also:

• UNITED

United Irishmen, of whom large See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers had been drafted into the fleet as vagabonds, to give a very dangerous See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character to the mutinies at the See also:

• BORE

bore and on the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland . After the conclusion of the great See also:

• NAPOLEONIC

Napoleonic wars in 1815 the power of the press Was not again exercised . In 1835 an act was passed during Sir See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• GRAHAM, SIR GERALD (1831–1899)
• GRAHAM, SIR JAMES ROBERT GEORGE
• GRAHAM, SYLVESTER (1794-1851)
• GRAHAM, THOMAS (1805-1869)

Graham's See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure of See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office as first See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord of the See also:

• ADMIRALTY, HIGH COURT OF

admiralty, by which men who had once been pressed and had served for a See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of five years were to be exempt from impressment in future . Sir James, however, emphatically reaffirmed the right of the See also:

• CROWN

crown to enforce the service of the subject, and therefore to impress the seamen . The introduction of engagements for a term of five years in 18S3, and then of long service, has produced so large a body of voluntary recruits, and service in the navy is so popular, that the question has no longer any See also:

• INTEREST

interest See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save an See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical one . If compulsory service in the fleet should again become necessary it will not be in the form of the old See also:

• SYSTEM

system of impressment, which left the sailor subject to compulsory service from the age of eighteen to fifty-five, and flooded the navy with the scum of the jails and the workhouse .

AuTxoRlrIES.—See also:

• GROSE, FRANCIS (c. 1730–1791)

Grose's Military Antiquities, for the general subject of impressment, vol. ii. p . 73 et seq . S . R . See also:

• GARDINER
• GARDINER, JAMES (1688-1745)
• GARDINER, SAMUEL RAWSON (1829–1902)
• GARDINER, STEPHEN (c. 1493–1555)

Gardiner gives many details in his See also:

• HISTORY

history of James I. and Charles I., and in The Civil War . The acts See also:

• RELATING

relating to the navy are quoted in A Collection of the Statutes relating to the Admiralty, &c., published in 181o . Some curious See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information is in the papers relating to the See also:

• BREST

Brest See also:

• BLOCKADE
• BLOCKADE (Fr. blocus, Ger. Blokade)

Blockade edited by John Leyland for the Navy See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

Record Society . Sir James Graham's speech is in See also:

• HANSARD, LUKE (1752-1828)

Hansard for 1835 . (D .