See also:

• INDIUM (symbol In, atomic weight 114.8)

INDIUM (See also:

• SYMBOL (Gr. o-uµ(3oXov, a sign)

symbol In, atomic See also:

• WEIGHT

weight 114.8)  , a metallic chemical See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element, included in the sub-See also:

• GROUP

group of the periodic See also:

• CLASSIFICATION (Lat. classis, a class, probably from the root cal-, cla-, as in Gr. icaMce, clamor)

classification of the elements containing See also:

• ALUMINIUM (symbol Al; atomic weight 27.0)

aluminium, See also:

• GALLIUM (symbol Ga; atomic weight 69.9)

gallium and See also:

• THALLIUM

thallium . It was first discovered in 1863 by F . Reich and Th . See also:

• RICHTER, ADRIAN LUDWIG (1803-1884)
• RICHTER, ERNST FRIEDRICH EDUARD (1808–1879)
• RICHTER, EUGEN (1839–1906)
• RICHTER, HANS (1843– )
• RICHTER, JEREMIAS BENJAMIN (1762–1807)
• RICHTER, JOHANN PAUL FRIEDRICH (1763–1825)

Richter (Journ. fitr prak . Chem., 1863, 89, p . 444) by means of its spectrum . It occurs' naturally in very small quantities in See also:

• ZINC

zinc See also:

• BLENDE, or SPHALERITE

blende, and is best obtained from metallic zinc (which contains a small quantity of See also:

• INDIUM (symbol In, atomic weight 114.8)

indium) by treating it with such an amount of hydrochloric See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid that a little of the zinc remains undissolved; when on See also:

• STANDING

standing for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the indium is precipitated on the undissolved zinc . The crude product is freed from basic zinc salts, dissolved in nitric acid and the nitric acid removed by evaporation with sulphuric acid, after which it is precipitated by addition of See also:

• AMMONIA (NH3)

ammonia . The precipitated indium hydroxide is converted into a basic sulphite by boiling with excess of See also:

• SODIUM [symbol Na, from Lat. natrium; atomic weight 23.00 (0=16)]

sodium bisulphite, and then into the normal sulphite by dissolving in hot sulphurous acid . This See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt on strong ignition leaves a See also:

• RESIDUE (through the French, from the Lat. residuum, a remainder, from residere, to remain)

residue of the trioxide, which can be converted into the See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal by See also:

• HEATING

heating in a current of See also:

• HYDROGEN [symbol H, atomic weight x-oo8 (0=16)]

hydrogen, or by See also:

• FUSION

fusion with sodium (C . Winkler, Journ. See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur prak . Chem., 1867, 102, p .

273) . Indium is a soft malleable metal, melting at 155° C . Its specific gravity is 7.421 and its specific See also:

• HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat 0.05695 (R . See also:

• BUNSEN, CHRISTIAN CHARLES JOSIAS, BARON VON (1791-186o,)
• BUNSEN, ROBERT WILHELM VON (1811-1899)

Bunsen) . Indium See also:

• OXIDE

oxide, In203, is a yellow See also:

• POWDER (through O. Fr. puldre, modern poudre, from Lat. pulvis, pulveris, dust)

powder which is formed on ignition of the hydroxide . It is readily reduced on heating with See also:

• CARBON (symbol C, atomic weight 12)

carbon or hydrogen, and does not pass into an insoluble See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form when ignited . The hydroxide, In(OH)a, is prepared, as a gelatinous precipitate, by adding ammonia to any soluble indium salt . It is readily soluble in See also:

• CAUSTIC (Gr. rcavvraubs, burning)

caustic potash, but insoluble in ammonia . Three chlorides of indium are known: the trichloride, InCla, a deliquescent salt, formed by heating a mixture of the oxide arid carbon in a current of See also:

• CHLORINE (symbol Cl, atomic weight 35`46 (0=16)

chlorine; the dichloride, InCl2, obtained by heating the metal in hydrochloric acid See also:

• GAS

gas; and the monochloride, InCl, which is prepared by distilling the vapour of the dichloride over metallic indium . The mono- and di-chlorides are decomposed by See also:

• WATER

water with the formation of the trichloride, and separation of metallic indium . Indium Sulphate, In,(S03)3, is obtained as a See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white powder very soluble in water by evaporating the trioxide with sulphuric acid . Concentration of the aqueous See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution in a desiccator gives a See also:

• DEPOSIT (Lat. depositurn, from deponere, to lay down, to put in the care of)

deposit of crystals of a very deliquescent salt, H2In2(SO4)4.8H,0 .

An indium ammonium See also:

• ALUM

alum, In,(SO4),.(NH4)2SO4.24H,0 is known . The atomic See also:

• WEIGHT

weight of indium has been determined by C . Winkler and by R . Bunsen by converting the metal into its oxide . Thiel (Ber., 1904, 37, p . 1135) obtained the values 115•o8 and 114.81 from analyses of the chloride and bromide, whilst F . C . Mathers (Abst . J.C.S., 1907, ii . 352) obtained 114.88 and 114.86 . Indium salts can be recognized by the dark See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour they give in the See also:

• FLAME (Lat. flamma; the root flag- appears in flagrare, to burn, blaze, and Gr. d, XEryew)

flame of the Bunsen burner; and by the white beads of metal and the yellow incrustation formed when heated on See also:

• CHARCOAL

charcoal with sodium carbonate .