INGOLSTADT  , a fortified See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, in the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of See also:

• BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria, on the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• DANUBE (Ger. Donau, Hungarian Duna, Rumanian Dunarea, Lat. Danubius or Danuvius, and in the lower part of its course Ister)

Danube at its confluence with the Schutter, 52 M. See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of See also:

• MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

Munich, at the junction of the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main lines of railway, Munich, See also:

• BAMBERG

Bamberg and See also:

• REGENSBURG (RATISBON)

Regensburg-See also:

• AUGSBURG
• AUGSBURG, CONFESSION OF
• AUGSBURG, WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF

Augsburg . Pop . (1900) 22,207 . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal buildings are the old See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of the See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes of Bavaria-Ingolstadt, now used as an See also:

• ARSENAL

arsenal; the new palace on the Danube; the remains of the earliest See also:

• JESUITS

Jesuits' See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college in Germany, founded in 1555; the former university buildings, now a school; the See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre; the large See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic Frauenkirche, founded in 14 . 25, with two massive towers, containing several interesting monuments, among them the See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb of Dr See also:

• ECK, JOHANN MAIER (1486-1543)

Eck, See also:

• LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546)

Luther's opponent; the Franciscan See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent and nunnery; and several other churches and hospitals . Ingol-stadt possesses several technical and other See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools . In 1472 a university was founded in the town by the Bavarian See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke, See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis the See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

Rich, which at the end of the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century was at tended by 4000 students . In 'Soo it was removed to See also:

• LANDSHUT

Landshut, whence it was transferred to Munich in 1826 . Its newer public buildings include an Evangelical See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, a See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital, an arsenal and an orphanage . The See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries are See also:

• CANNON (a word common to Romance languages, from the Lat. canna, a reed, tube, with the addition of the augmentative termination -on, -one)

cannon-See also:

• FOUNDING (from Lat. fundere, to pour)

founding, manufacture of See also:

• GUNPOWDER

gunpowder and See also:

• CLOTH

cloth, and See also:

• BREWING

brewing . Ingolstadt, known as Aureatum or Chrysopolis, was a royal See also:

• VILLA

villa in the beginning of the 9th century, and received its See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter of civic See also:

• INCORPORATION (from Lat. incorporare, to form into a body)

incorporation before 1255 . After that date it See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew in importance, and became the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of a dukedom which merged in that of Bavaria-Munich .

The fortifications, erected in 1539, were put to the test during the contests of the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period and in the See also:

• THIRTY

Thirty Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War . Gustavus See also:

• ADOLPHUS, JOHN LEYCESTER (1795-1862)

Adolphus vainly besieged Ingolstadt in 1632, when See also:

• TILLY, JOHANN TZERCLAES, COUNT OF (1559-1632)

Tilly, to whom there is a See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument in the Frauenkirche, See also:

• LAY

lay mortally wounded within the walls . In the War of the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

Succession it was besieged by the See also:

• MARGRAVE (Ger. Markgraf)

margrave of See also:

• BADEN
• BADEN, GRAND DUCHY OF

Baden in 1704 . In 1743 it was surrendered by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French to the Austrians, and in 1800, after three months' See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege, the French, under See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• MOREAU, GUSTAVE (1826-1898)
• MOREAU, HEGESIPPE (18ro-1838)
• MOREAU, JEAN VICTOR MARIE (1763-1813)

Moreau, took the town, and dismantled the fortifications . They were rebuilt on a much larger See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale under See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King Louis I., and since 1870 Ingolstadt has ranked as a fortress of the first class . In 1872 even more important fortifications were constructed, which include tetes-de-See also:

• PONT (or KYLPONT), ROBERT (1524–1606)

pont with See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round towers of massive See also:

• MASONRY

masonry, and the See also:

• REDOUBT (Fr. redoute, from Med. Lat. reductus, a place of retreat, refuge, reducere, lead back, retire; the intrusive b is due to the O. Fr. redoubter, to fear, Lat. dubitare, to doubt)

redoubt Tilly on the right bank of the See also:

• RIVER

river . See Gerstner, Geschichte der Stadt Ingolstadt (Munich, 1853) ; and Prantl, Geschichte der See also:

• LUDWIG, KARL FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1816—1895)
• LUDWIG, OTTO (1813-1865)

Ludwig Maximilians Universitdt (Munich, 1872) .