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ass u ss q 0 ll r I-10, Parts of frame; Breech plug; 12, Striker; 13, Extractor; 14, Cartridge receiver; the Gatling, the most important of the hand-operated machine guns was the Nordenfeldt, which was principally designed for naval use about the time when torpedo-boats were beginning to be regarded as dangerous antagonists . ' The U.S. pattern Gatling hardly differed except in details from the model, above described, of twenty years earlier . The drum had been set horizontally instead of vertically and improved in de-tails, and a " gravity feed," a tall vertical charger, was also used . The barrels were surrounded with a light casing . Tests made of the improved Gatling showed that the use of only one barrel at a time prevented overheating . On one trial 63,000 rounds were fired without a jam, and without stopping to clean the barrels . Smokeless powder and the modern cartridge case were of course used . 2 The following particulars may be given of the 2-barrelled Gardner and 3-barrelled Nordenfeldt (land service) converted to take the .303 cartridge: Weight, 92 and to lb respectively; parapet mounting in each case 168 lb; rate of fire of Gardner about 250 rounds per minute, of the Nordenfeldt about 350 . A few of these guns are still used in fortresses and coast defences.succession . In this piece, careful aim can be taken from a moving platform, and at the right moment the barrels can be fired at the object almost simultaneously .