Online Encyclopedia

INTERCOLUMNIATION

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V14, Page 684 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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INTERCOLUMNIATION  , in

architecture, the distance between the columns of a peristyle, generally referred to in terms of the
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lower diameter of the column . They are thus set forth by Vitruvius (iii . 2): (a) Pycnostyle, equal to 12 diameters; (b) Systyle, 2 diameters; (c) Eustyle, 24 diameters (which was the proportion' preferred by him); (d) Diastyle, 3 diameters; and (e) Araeostyle or wide spaced, 4" diameters, a span only= possible when the architrave was in wood . Vitruvius's definition would seem to apply only to examples with which he was acquainted in Rome, or to Greek temples described by authors he had studied . In the earlier Doric temples the intercolumniation is sometimes less than one diameter, and it increases gradually as the style
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developed; thus in the Parthenon it is 1;, in the Temple of
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Diana Propylaea at
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Eleusis, 11; and in the portico at
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Delos, 22 . The intercolumniations of the columns of the Ionic Order are greater, averaging 2 diameters, but then the relative proportion of height to diameter in the column has to be taken into account, as also the width of the peristyle . Thus in the temple of Apollo Branchidae, where the columns are slender and over to diameters in height, the intercolumniation is 11, notwithstanding its
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late date, and in the Temple of Apollo Smintheus in
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Asia Minor, in which the peristyle is pseudodipteral, or double width, the intercolumniation is just over 11 . Temples of the Corinthian Order follow the proportions of those of the Ionic Order .

End of Article: INTERCOLUMNIATION
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