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INVERSION (Lat. invertere, to turn about)

INVESTITURE (Late Lat. investitura)

INVOICE (originally a plural, Invoyes or Invoys, of Invoy, a variant of " envoy," from the French envoyer, to send)

INVOLUTION DETERMINED BY A CONIC ON A LINE

IODINE (symbol I, atomic weight '26.92)

IONIAN SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY

IOVILAE, or JOVILAE

IPEK (Slay. Petch, Lat. Pescium)

IPHIGENEIA, or IPHIANASSA

CHURCH OF IRELAND

JOHN IRELAND (1761-1842)

JOHN IRELAND (1838- )

WILLIAM HENRY IRELAND (1777-1835)

HENRY IRETON (161I–1651)

IRIARTE (or YRIARTE) Y OROPESA, TOMAS DE (1750-1791)

IRIDACEAE (the iris family)

IRIDIUM (symbol Ir.; atomic weight 193.1)

IRISH MOSS, or CARRAGEEN (Irish carraigeen, " moss of the rock ")

IRMIN, or IRMINUS

IRNERIUS (Hirnerius, Hyrnerius, Iernerius, Gernerius, Guarnerius, Warnerius, Wernerius, Yrnerius)

IRON MASK (masque de fer)

atomic weight 55.85 IRON [symbol Fe (0=16)]

IRONY (Gr. dipaweLa, from eipwv, one who says less than he means, eiepees, to speak)

IRRAWADDY, or IRAWADI

IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

IRULAS (" Benighted ones," from Tamil, iral, " darkness ")

EDWARD IRVING (1792-1834)

SIR HENRY IRVING (1838-1905)

WASHINGTON IRVING (1783-18J9)

ISAAC (Hebrew for " he laughs," on explanatory references to the name, see ABRAHAM)

ISAAC OF ANTIOCH

ISAAC PENINGTON (1616-1679)

ISABELLA (1451-15o4)

ISABELLA OF HAINAUT (117o-1190)

ISABEAU ISABELLA

JEAN BAPTISTE ISABEY (1767–1855)

ISABNORMAL (or ISANOMALOUS) LINES

ISAEUS (c.42o B.C.-C. 350 B.c.)

ASCENSION OF ISAIAH

ISAR (identical with Isere, in Celtic " the rapid ")

ISCHIA (Gr. II19r)KO"va, Lat. Aenaria, in poetry Inarime)

LAKE OF ISEO (the Laois Sebinus of the Romans)

ISERE [anc. Isara]

ISFAHAN (older form Ispahan)

ISHMAEL (a Hebrew name meaning " God hears ")

ISHTIB, or ISTIB (anc. Astibon, Slay. Shtipliye or Shtip)

ISIDORE OF ALEXANDRIA

ISIDORE OF SEVILLE, or ISIDORUS HISPALENSIS (c. 56o-636)

ISINGLASS (probably a corruption of the Dutch huisenblas, Ger. Hausenblase, literally " sturgeon's bladder ")

ISIS (Egyptian Ese)

JOSE FRANCISCO DE ISLA (1703-1781)

ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC

ISLES OF THE BLEST, or FORTUNATE ISLANDS (Gr. al Ttav µaKapwv vi'ivot: Lat., Fortunatae Insulae)

ISLINGTON (in Domesday and later documents Iseldon, Isendon and in the 16th century Hisselton)

ISMAIL (1830-1895)

THOMAS HENRY ISMAY (1837-1899)

ISMID, or ISNIKMID (anc. Nicomedia)

MAXIMIN ISNARD (1758-1825)

ISOBAR (from Gr. ivos, equal, and (3&pos, weight)

ISOCLINIC LINES (Gr. 'Laos, equal, and ,cXLvecv, to bend)

ISODYNAMIC LINES (Gr. ivoSbvaµos, equal in power)

ISOGONIC LINES (Gr. iQoycwLos, equianguN)

ISOTHERM (Gr. ivos, equal, and %pan, heat)

ISRAEL (Hebrew for " God strives " or " rules "; see Gen. xxxii. 28; and the allusion in Hosea xii. 4)

ISAAC BEN SOLOMON ISRAELI (9th—loth centuries)

ISSACHAR (a Hebrew name meaning apparently " there is a hire," or " reward ")

ISRAEL ISSERLEIN (d. 1460)

MOSES BEN ISRAEL ISSERLES (c. 1520-1572)

ISTHMUS (Gr.io0pbs, neck)

ISTRIA (Ger. Istrien)

COUNT TAISUKE ITAGAKI (1837– )

ITALIAN LANGUAGE

ITALIAN LITERATURE

ITALIAN SCHOOLS OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE RENAISSANCE

ITALIAN WARS (1848–187o)

ITEM (a Latin adverb meaning " also," " likewise ")

ITHACA ('IeaK77)

ITINERARIUM (i.e. road-book, from Lat. iter, road)

PRINCE HIROBUMI ITO (1841-1909)

ITURBIDE (or YTURBIDE), AUGUSTIN DE (1783-1824)

IVORY (Fr. ivoire, Lat. ebur)

IVORY COAST (Cote d'Ivoire)

SIR JAMES IVORY (1765-1842)

IVREA (anc. Eporedia)

IVY (A.S. ifig, Ger. Epheu, perhaps connected with apium, anent)

PRINCE TOMOMI IWAKURA (1835-1883)

IZBARTA, or SPARTA [anc. Paris]

IZMAIL, or ISMAIL

PAUL JABLOCHKOV (1847-1-894)

DANIEL ERNST JABLONSKI (166o-1741)

COUNT STEFANO JACINI (1827-1891)

JACKAL (Turk. chakal)

ANDREW JACKSON (1767-1845)

CYRIL JACKSON (1746-1819)

FREDERICK GEORGE JACKSON (186o– )

HELEN MARIA JACKSON (1831–1885)

MASON JACKSON (c. 1820-1903)

THOMAS JACKSON (1579-1640)

THOMAS JONATHAN JACKSON (1824-1863)

WILLIAM JACKSON (1730-1803)

JACOB BEN ASHER (1280-1340)

JACOB OF EDESSA

JACOB OF JUTERBOGK (c. 1381-1465)

JACOB OF SERUGH

JOHN JACOB (1812-1858)

JACOBA, or JACQUELINE (1401-1436)

FRIEDRICH HEINRICH JACOBI (1743-1819)

JOHANN GEORG JACOBI (1740-1814)

KARL GUSTAV JACOB JACOBI (1804-1851)

JACOBITE CHURCH

JACOBITES (from Lat. Jacobus, James)

CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH WILHELM JACOBS (1764-1847)

JENS PETER JACOBSEN (1847-1885)

JACOBUS DE VORAGINE (c. 1230-c. 1298)

JOSEPH JACOTOT (1770-1840)

JOSEPH MARIE JACQUARD (1752-1834)

JACQUES CASSINI (1677–1756)

JACQUES DOMINIQUE CASSINI

DUC DE BROGLIE JACQUES VICTOR ALBERT (1821-1901)

JACTITATION (from Lat. jactitare, to throw out publicly)

GUSTAV JAGER (1832– )

JAGERNDORF (Czech, Krnov)

RICHARD JAGO (1715-1781)

JAGUAR (Fells onca)

JAGUARONDI, or YAGUARONDI (Fells jaguarondi)

JAHANGIR, or JEHANGIR (1569-1627)

JAHIZ (ABU 'UTHMAN 'AMR IBN BAHR UL-JAHIZ; i.e. " the man the pupils of whose eyes are prominent ") (d. 869)

FRIEDRICH LUDWIG JAHN (1778-1852)

JOHANN JAHN (1750—1816)

OTTO JAHN (1813—1869)

JAIPUR, or JEYPORE

JAISALMER, or JEYSULMERE

JAJCE (pronounced Yaitse)

JAJPUR, or JAJPORE

LUDWIG HEINRICH VON JAKOB (1759—1827)

JAKOVA (also written DIAKOVA, GYAKOVO and GJAKOVICA)

JALALABAD, or JELLALABAD

JALAPA, XALAPA, or HALAPA

XALISCO JALISCO

JALNA, or JAULNA

JALPAIGURI, or JULPIGOREE

JAMB (from Fr. jambe, leg)

JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)

JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)

2ND MARQUESS OF DOUGLAS JAMES DOUGLAS (1646-1700)

9TH EARL JAMES DOUGLAS (and last)

1ST BARON HENRY JAMES JAMES OF HEREFORD (1828– )

JAMES STEWART (d. 1595)

2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR JAMES (c. 1358–1388)

DAVID JAMES (1839-1893)

EPISTLE OF JAMES

GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP JAMES

HENRY JAMES (1843— )

JOHN ANGELL JAMES (1785-1859)

THOMAS JAMES (c. 1573–1629)

WILLIAM JAMES (1842–1910)

WILLIAM JAMES (d. 1827)

JAMESON (or JAMESONE), GEORGE (c. 1587–1644)

ANNA BROWNELL JAMESON (1794-1860)

LEANDER STARR JAMESON (1853– )

ROBERT JAMESON (1774-1854)

JOHN JAMIESON (1759-1838)

ROBERT JAMIESON (c. 1780-1844)

JAMNIA ('Ia,uvia or '1a /11161a)

JAMS AND JELLIES

JAN VAN DER HEYDEN

PAUL JANET (1823—1899)

JANGIPUR, or JAHANGIRPUR

JULES GABRIEL JANIN (1804-1874)

JANISSARIES (corrupted from Turkish yeni cheri, new troops)

CORNELIUS JANSEN (1585-1638)

JOHANNES JANSSEN (1829-1891)

PIERRE JULES CESAR JANSSEN (1824–1907)

JANSSEN, or JANSEN (sometimes JOHNSON), CORNELIUS (1593-1664)

JANSSENS (or JANSENS) VAN NUYSSEN, ABRAHAM (1567–1632)

JANSSENS (or JANSENS), VICTOR HONORIUS (1664–1739)

JANUARIUS, ST, or SAN GENNARO

JARGOON, or JARGON (occasionally in old writings jargounce and jacounce)

JARRAH WOOD (an adaptation of the native name Jerryhl)

JOHN WESLEY JARVIS (178o-1840)

JACQUES JASMIN (1798-1864)

JASMINE, or JESSAMINE

JASON ('Iaacov)

JASON OF CYRENE

JATIVA (formerly written XATIVA)

PIERRE AMEDEE JAUBERT

MARQUIS DE ARNAIL FRANCOIS JAUCOURT (1757-1852)

JAUNDICE (Fr. jaunisse, from jaune, yellow), or IUTERUS (from its resemblance to the colour of the golden oriole, of which Pliny relates that if a jaundiced person looks upon it he recovers but the bird dies)

JUAN JAUREGUI Y AGUILAR

JUAN JAUREGUI (1562-1582)

JEAN BERNARD JAUREGUIBERRY (1815-1887)

JEAN LEON JAURES (1859- )

JAW (Mid. Eng. jawe, jowe and geowe, O. Eng. cheowan, connected with " chaw " and " chew," and in form with " jowl ")

ABU MANSUR MAUHUB JAWALIQI

JOHN JAY (1745-1829)

WILLIAM JAY (1769-1853)

JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

JEAN ALPHONSE TURRETIN (1671-1737)

JEAN COQUELIN (1865– )

JEAN DE BEAUMANOIR (1551-1614)

JEAN DE MEUN, or DE MEUNG (c. 1250-C. 1305)

PIERRE JEANNIN (1540-1622)

JOHN JEBB (1736–1786)

SIR RICHARD CLAVERHOTJSE JEBB (1841–1905)

JEBEIL (anc. Gebal-Byblus)

JEBEL (plur. jibed)