IPHICRATES  , Athenian See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, son of a shoemaker, flourished in the earlier See also:

• HALF

half of the 4th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century B.C . He owes his fame as much to the improvements which he made in the accoutrements of the peltasts or See also:

• LIGHT

light-armed mercenaries (so called from their small See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round See also:

• SHIELD (0. Eng. scild, cf. Du. and Ger. Schild, Dan. Skjold; the origin is doubtful, but may be referred to the root seen in " shell " or " scale "; another suggestion connects it with Icel. skjalla, to clash, rattle; it is not connected with the Indo-Ger
• SHIELD, WILLIAM (1748—1829)

shield, 7rrXT)1) as to his military successes . Increasing the length of their javelins and swords, substituting See also:

• LINEN

linen corselets for their heavy coats-of-See also:

• MAIL

mail, and introducing the use of a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of light leggings, called after him " iphicratides," he increased greatly the rapidity of their movements (Diod . Sic . XV . 44) . He also paid See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to discipline, See also:

• DRILL

drill and maliceuvres . With his peltasts Iphicrates seriously injured the See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies of the Lacedaemonians in the Corinthian See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, and in 392 (or 390) dealt the Spartans a heavy See also:

• BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow by almost annihilating a See also:

• MORA, JOSE (1638-1725)
• MORA, or MORRA (Ital. delay)

mora (See also:

• BATTALION

battalion of about 600 men) of their famous hoplites (Diod . Sic. xiv . 91; See also:

• PLUTARCH
• PLUTARCH (Gr. llXoi rapxos) (c. A.D. 46–120)

Plutarch, Agesilaus, 22) . Following up his success, he took See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city after city for the Athenians; but in consequence of a See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel with the Argives he was transferred from See also:

• CORINTH
• CORINTH, ISTHMUS OF

Corinth to the See also:

• HELLESPONT (i.e. " Sea of Helle "; variously named in classical literature `EXX oirov-ros, o "EXXns a6vros, Hellespontum Pelagus, and Rectum Hellesponticum)

Hellespont, where he was equally successful . After the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• ANTALCIDAS

Antalcidas (387) he assisted Seuthes, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of the Thracian Odrysae, to recover his See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom, and fought 9 against See also:

• COTYS

Cotys, with whom, however, he subsequently concluded an See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance .

About 378 he was sent with a force of mercenaries to assist the Persians to -reconquer See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt; but a dispute with See also:

• PHARNABAZUS

Pharnabazus led to the failure of the expedition (Diod . Sic. xv . 29-43) . On his return to See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens he commanded an expedition in 373 for the See also:

• RELIEF

relief of Corcyra, which was besieged by the Lacedaemonians (See also:

• XENOPHON

Xenophon, Hellenica, vi . 2) . On the peace of 371, Iphicrates returned to See also:

• THRACE

Thrace, and somewhat tarnished his fame by siding with his See also:

• FATHER

father-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law Cotys in a war against Athens for the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the entire See also:

• CHERSONESE, CHERSONESUS

Chersonese . The Athenians, however, soon pardoned him and gave him a See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint command in the Social War . He and two of his colleagues were impeached by See also:

• CHARES

Chares, the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth See also:

• COMMANDER

commander, because they had refused to give See also:

• BATTLE

battle during a violent See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm . Iphicrates was acquitted but sentenced to pay a heavy See also:

• FINE

fine . He afterwards remained at Athens (according to some he retired to Thrace) till his See also:

• DEATH

death (about 353) . There is a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

sketch of his See also:

• LIFE

life by See also:

• CORNELIUS
• CORNELIUS, CARL AUGUST PETER (1824-1874)
• CORNELIUS, PETER VON (1784–1867)

Cornelius See also:

• NEPOS, CORNELIUS (c. 99–24 B.C.)
• NEPOS, JULIUS

Nepos; see also C . Rehdantz, Vitae Iphicratis, Chabriae et Timothei (1854); See also:

• BAUER, BRUNO (1809-1882)

Bauer, Griech .

Kriegsaltert. in Mailer's Handbuch, 4, § 49; and histories of See also:

• GREECE

Greece, e.g . Holm, Eng. trans., vol. iii .