ISABEL  D'See also:

• ESTE
• ESTE (anc. Ateste, q.v.)

ESTE] (1658-1718), See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king fames II., was the daughter of See also:

• ALPHONSO

Alphonso IV., See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• MODENA (ancient Mutina)

Modena, and the Duchess Laura, of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• FAMILY

family Martinozzi . She was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Modena on the 5th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1658 . Her See also:

• EDUCATION

education was strict, and her own wish was to be a See also:

• NUN (O. Eng. nunne, from Lat. nonnus, nonna, familiar terms for an old man or woman)

nun in a See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent of the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of the Visitation founded by her See also:

• MOTHER

mother . As a princess she was not See also:

• FREE

free to choose for herself, and was selected, mainly by the king of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIV., as the wife of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James, duke of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir-presumptive to the English See also:

• THRONE

throne . The duke had become a Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic, and it was a point of policy with the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French king to provide him with a Roman Catholic wife . See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary See also:

• BEATRICE

Beatrice of Este was chosen partly on the ground of her known religious zeal, but also because of her beauty . The See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage was celebrated by See also:

• PROXY (short for " procuracy ")

proxy on the 3oth of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1673 . She reached See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November . In later See also:

• LIFE

life she confessed that her first feelings towards her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband could only be expressed by tears . In England the duchess, who was commonly spoken of as Madam See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, was supposed to .be an See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent of the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope, who had indeed exerted himself to secure her consent . Her beauty and her See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners secured her the respect of her See also:

• BROTHER

brother-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles II., and she lived on See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good terms with her husband's daughters by his first marriage, but she was always disliked by the nation . The See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth of her first son (who died in See also:

• INFANCY

infancy) on the 16th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1675 was regretted .

During the Popish See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

Plot, to which her secretary Coleman was a victim, she went abroad with her husband . After her husband's See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession she suffered much domestic misery through his infidelity . Her See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence on him was unfortunate, for she was a strong supporter of the Jesuit party which was in favour of extreme See also:

• MEASURES

measures . Her second son, James See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis See also:

• EDWARD

Edward, was born on the loth of See also:

• JUNE

June (o.s.) 1688 . The public refused to believe that the baby was Mary's See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child, and declared that a See also:

• FRAUD (Lat. fraus, deceit)

fraud had been perpetrated to secure a Roman Catholic heir . When the revolution had broken out she made the disastrous See also:

• MISTAKE (i.e. take amiss)

mistake of consenting to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape to France (Dec. ro, 1688) with her son . She urged her husband to follow her to France when it was his See also:

• MANIFEST (Lat. manifestus, clear, open to view)

manifest See also:

• INTEREST

interest to stay in England, and when he went to See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland she pressed incessantly for his return . Her daughter, Louisa Maria, was born at St Germain on the 28th of June 1692 . When her husband died on the 6th of September 1701, she succeeded in inducing King Louis to recognize her son as king of England, an See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act which precipitated the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

Succession . Queen Mary survived her husband for seventeen years and her daughter for two . She received a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension of roo,000 crowns, which was largely spent in supporting Jacobite exiles . At the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of her life she had some success in obtaining See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment of her See also:

• JOINTURE

jointure .

She lived at St Germain or at Chaillot, a religious See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of the Visitation . Her See also:

• DEATH

death occurred on the 7th of May 1718, and is said by See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint-See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

Simon to have been that of a saint . See See also:

• MISS

Miss See also:

• STRICKLAND, AGNES (18061874)
• STRICKLAND, HUGH EDWIN (1811—1853)

Strickland, Queens of England (vols . 9 and lo, See also:

• LONDON

London, 1846) ; Campana di Cavelli, See also:

• LES

Les Derniers Stuarts a Saint-Germain en-Laye (London,, 1871); and See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin Haile Mary of Modena (London, 1905) .