See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

ISABELLA II  . (1830-1904), See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• MADRID

Madrid on the loth of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 183o . She was the eldest daughter of See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand VII., See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of Spain, and of his See also:

• FOURTH

fourth wife, Maria See also:

• CHRISTINA (1626–1689)
• CHRISTINA [MARIA CHRISTINA HENRIETTA DESIREE FELICITE RENIERE]

Christina, a Neapolitan See also:

• BOURBON
• BOURBON, CHARLES, DUKE OF (149o-1527)

Bourbon, who became queen-See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent on 29th See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1833, when her daughter, at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of three years, was proclaimed on the See also:

• DEATH

death of the king . Queen See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

Isabella succeeded to the See also:

• THRONE

throne because Ferdinand VII. induced the See also:

• CORTES
• CORTES, HERNAN

Cortes to assist him in setting aside the Salic See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, which the Bourbons had introduced since the beginning of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and to re-establish the older See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession law of Spain . The See also:

• BROTHER

brother of Ferdinand, See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don See also:

• CARLOS, DON (1545-1568)
• CARLOS, DON (1788-1855)
• CARLOS, DON (CHARLES MARIA DE LOS DOLORES JUAN ISIDOR.E JOSEPH FRANCIS QUIRIN ANTONY MICHAEL GABRIEL RAPHAEL) (1848—1909)

Carlos, the first pretender, fought seven years, during the minority of Isabella, to dispute her See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title, and her rights were only maintained through the gallant support of the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, the Cortes and the Liberals and Progressists, who at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time established constitutional and See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, dissolved the religious orders, confiscated the See also:

• PROPERTY

property of the orders and of the See also:

• JESUITS

Jesuits, disestablished the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church property, and attempted to restore See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order in finances . After the Carlist See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war the queen-regent, Christina, resigned to make way for See also:

• ESPARTERO, BALDOMERO (1792-1879)

Espartero, the most successful and most popular See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the Isabelline armies, who only remained regent two years . He was turned out in 1843 by a military and See also:

• POLITICAL

political pronunciamiento, led by Generals O'Donnell and See also:

• NARVAEZ, PANFILO DE (c. 148o-1528)
• NARVAEZ, RAMON MARIA (1800-1868)

Narvaez, who formed a See also:

• CABINET

cabinet, presided over by Joaquin Maria See also:

• LOPEZ, CARLOS ANTONIO (1790-1862)

Lopez, and this government induced the Cortes to declare Isabella of age at thirteen . Three years later the Moderado party or Castilian Conservatives made their queen marry, at sixteen, her See also:

• COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and familiar abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
• COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
• COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

cousin, See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince Francisco de See also:

• ASSISI (anc. Asisium)

Assisi de Bourbon (1822--19o2), on the same See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day (loth October 1846) on which her younger See also:

• SISTER

sister married the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• MONTPENSIER, ANNE MARIE LOUISE
• MONTPENSIER, COUNTS AND DUKES OF

Montpensier . These marriages suited the views of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis Philippe, who nearly quarrelled in consequence with See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain; but both matches were anything but happy . Queen Isabella reigned from 1843 to r868, and that See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period was one See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long succession of See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace intrigues, back-stairs and ante-chamber influences, barrack conspiracies, military pronunciamientos to further the ends of the political parties—Moderados, who ruled from 1846 to 1854, Progressists from 1854 to 1856, See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union Liberal from 1856 to 1863; Moderados and Union Liberal quickly succeeding each other and keeping out the Progressists so steadily that the seeds were sown which budded into the revolution of 1868 . Queen Isabella II. often interfered in politics in a wayward, unscrupulous manner that made her very unpopular . She showed most favour to her reactionary generals and statesmen, to the Church and religious orders, and was constantly the See also:

• TOOL (0. Eng. tdl, generally referred to a root seen in the Goth. taujan, to make, or in the English word " taw," to work or dress leather)

tool of corrupt and profligate courtiers and favourites who gave her See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court a deservedly See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad name .

She went into See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile at the end of September 1868, after her Moderado generals had made a slight show of resistance that was crushed at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Alcolea by Marshals Serrano and See also:

• PRIM, JUAN, MARQUIS DE LOS CASTILLEJOS, COUNT DE REDS (1814-187o)

Prim . The only redeeming traits of Queen Isabella's reign were a war against See also:

• MOROCCO

Morocco,which ended in an advantageous treaty and some cession of territory; some progress in public See also:

• WORKS

works, especially See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways; a slight improvement in See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce and See also:

• FINANCE

finance . Isabella was induced to abdicate in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris on 25th See also:

• JUNE

June 187o in favour of her son, See also:

• ALPHONSO

Alphonso XII., and the cause of the restoration was thus much furthered . She had separated from her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband in the previous See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March . She continued to live in France after the restoration in 1874 . On the occasion of one of her visits to Madrid during Alphonso XIL's reign she began to intrigue with, the politicians of the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital, and was peremptorily requested to go abroad again . She died on the loth of See also:

• APRIL

April 1904 .