See also:

• ISHMAEL (a Hebrew name meaning " God hears ")

ISHMAEL (a See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew name meaning " See also:

• GOD

God hears ")  , in the See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible, the son of See also:

• ABRAHAM, or ABRAM (Hebrew for " father is high ")

Abraham by his See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian concubine Hagar, and the eponym of a number of (probably) nomadic tribes living outside See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine . Hagar in turn personifies a See also:

• PEOPLE

people found to the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of See also:

• GILEAD (i.e. " hard " or " rugged," a name sometimes used, both in earlier and in later writers, to denote the whole of the territory occupied by the Israelites eastward of Jordan, extending from the Arnon to the southern base of Hermon (Dent. xxxiv. 1; J

Gilead (1 Chron. v. lo) and See also:

• PETRA (r)

Petra (See also:

• STRABO (born c. 63 n.c.)

Strabo).' Through the See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy of Sarah, Abraham's wife, See also:

• MOTHER

mother and son were driven away, and they wandered in the See also:

• DISTRICT

district See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of See also:

• BEERSHEBA

Beersheba and Kadesh (Gen. xvi . J, xxi . E); see ABRAHAM . It had been foretold to his mother before his See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth that he should be " a See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

• ASS (O.E. assa; Lat. asinus)
• ASS, FEAST OF THE

ass among men," and that he should dwell " before the See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face of " (that is, to the eastward of) his brethren . It is subsequently stated that after leaving his See also:

• FATHER

father's roof he " became an See also:

• ARCHER, WILLIAM (1856— )

archer,' and dwelt in the See also:

• WILDERNESS

wilderness of Paran, and i Zill es See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

Sultan, See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• BROTHER

brother of Muzafar ed d-n Shah, became See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the See also:

• ISFAHAN (older form Ispahan)

Isfahan See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province in 1869 . z On See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul's use of the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of Hagar (Gal. iv . 24-26), see Ency . Bib. See also:

• COL
• COL (Fr. for " neck," Lat. collum)

col . 1934 ; and H . St J . See also:

• THACKERAY, WILLIAM MAKEPEACE (1811-1863)

Thackeray, Relation of St Paul to contemporary Jewish Thought (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1900), pp .

196 sqq.; Hagar typifies the old Sinaitic See also:

• COVENANT
• COVENANT (an O. Fr. form, later convenant, from convenir, to agree, Lat. convenire)

covenant, and Sarah represents the new -covenant of freedom from bondage . The treatment of the concubine and her son in Gen. xvi. compared with ch. xxi. illustrates old See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew customs, on which see further S . A . See also:

• COOK
• COOK, ALBERT STANBURROUGH (1853– )
• COOK, EDWARD DUTTON (1829–1883)
• COOK, ELIZA (1818–1889)
• COOK, JAMES (1728-1779)
• COOK, THOMAS (1808-1892)

Cook, See also:

• LAWS

Laws of See also:

• MOSES (Gr. Mwvo c, Mcoo-i3s)
• MOSES, ASSUMPTION OF

Moses, &c . (London, 1903), pp . 116 sqq., 140 sq . The Ituraean archers were of Jetur, one of the "sons" of See also:

• ISHMAEL (a Hebrew name meaning " God hears ")

Ishmael (Gen. See also:

• XXV

xxv . 15), and were See also:

• ROMAN

Roman mercenaries, perhaps even in See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain (See also:

• PAL, KRISTO DAS (1839–1884)

Pal . Expl . Fund, Q.S., 1909, p . 283).his mother took him a wife out of the See also:

• LAND

land of See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt." But the genealogical relations were rather with the Edomites, Midianites and other peoples of See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• ARABIA

Arabia and the eastern See also:

• DESERT

desert than with Egypt proper, and this is indicated by the expressions that " they dwelt from Havilah unto Shur that is east of Egypt, and he settled to the eastward of his brethren " (see MIZRA1M) . Like See also:

• JACOB
• JACOB, JOHN (1812-1858)

Jacob, the ancestor of the Israelites, he had twelve sons (xxv .

12-18, P), of which only a few have See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical associations apart from the biblical records . Nebaioth and Kedar suggest the Nabataei and Cedrei of See also:

• PLINY, THE ELDER
• PLINY, THE YOUNGER

Pliny (v . 12). the first-mentioned of whom were an important Arab people after the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander (see See also:

• NABATAEANS

NABATAEANS) . The names correspond to the Nabaitu and Kidru of the See also:

• ASSYRIAN

Assyrian See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions occupying the desert east of the See also:

• JORDAN (the down-comer; Arab. esh-Sheri'a, the watering-place)
• JORDAN, CAMILLE (1771—1821)
• JORDAN, DOROTHEA (1762—1816)
• JORDAN, THOMAS (1612 ?–1685)
• JORDAN, WILHELM (1819–1904)

Jordan and Dead See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea, whilst the See also:

• MASSA

Massa and Tema See also:

• LAY

lay probably farther south . Dumah may perhaps be the same as the Domata of Pliny (vi . 32) and the tlovµeea or AouµafWa of See also:

• PTOLEMY (CLAUDIUS PTOLEMAEUS)

Ptolemy (v . 19, 7, viii . 22, 3)—See also:

• SENNACHERIB (Ass. Sin-akhi-erba, " the Moon-god has increased the brethren ")

Sennacherib conquered a fortress of " Aribi " named Adumu,—and Jetur is obviously the Ituraea of classical geographers.' " Ishmael," therefore, is used in a wide sense of the wilder, roving peoples encircling See also:

• CANAAN, CANAANITES

Canaan from the north-east to the south, related to but on a See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank than the " sons " of See also:

• ISAAC (Hebrew for " he laughs," on explanatory references to the name, see ABRAHAM)

Isaac . It is practically identical with the See also:

• TERM

term " Arabia " as used by the Assyrians . Nothing certain is known of the See also:

• HISTORY

history of these mixed populations . They are represented as warlike nomads and with a certain reputation for See also:

• WISDOM, BOOK OF, or WISDOM OF SOLOMON (Sept. Io4ia IaXwµwvos; Lat. Vulg. Liber sapientiae)

wisdom (See also:

• BARUCH

Baruch iii . 23) .

Not improbably they spoke a See also:

• DIALECT (from Gr. Sia stcror, conversation, manner of speaking, &aXeyec6at, to converse)

dialect (or dialects) akin to Arabic or Aramaic.' According to the Mahommedans, Ishmael, who is recognized as their ancestor, lies buried with his mother in the Kaaba in See also:

• MECCA (Arab. Makkah)

Mecca . See further, T . See also:

• NOLDEKE
• NOLDEKE, THEODOR (1836— )

Noldeke, Ency . Bib., s.v., and the articles See also:

• EDOM

EDOM, See also:

• MIDIAN (properly Madyan, so Sept.)

MIDIAN . (S . A . C.) 1SHPEMING, a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• MARQUETTE
• MARQUETTE, JACQUES (1637–1675)

Marquette See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, See also:

• MICHIGAN
• MICHIGAN, LAKE
• MICHIGAN, UNIVERSITY OF

Michigan, U.S.A., about 15 M . W. by S. of Marquette, in the N. See also:

• PART

part of the upper See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula . Pop . (189o) 11,197; (1900) 13,255, of whom 5970 were See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign-See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born; (1004) 11,623; (1910) 12,448 . It is served by the See also:

• CHICAGO
• CHICAGO, UNIVERSITY OF

Chicago & North Western, the See also:

• DULUTH

Duluth, South See also:

• SHORE

Shore & See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic, and the See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake See also:

• SUPERIOR

Superior and Ishpeming See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways . The city is 1400 ft. above sea-level (whence its name, from an See also:

• OJIBWAY (OJIBWA)

Ojibway See also:

• INDIAN

Indian word, said to mean " high up "), in the centre of the Marquette Range See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron district, and has seven mines within its limits; the See also:

• MINING

mining of iron ore is its See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry .

Ishpeming was settled about 1854, and was incorporated as a city in 1873 .