IVREA (anc. Eporedia)  , a town and episcopal see of Piedmont, Italy, in the province of Turin, from which it is 38 m . N.N.E. by rail and 27 M. direct, situated 770 ft. above sea-level, on the Dora Baltea at the point where it leaves the mountains . Pop . (1901) 6047 (town), 11,696 (commune) . The cathedral was built between 993 and 1005; the gallery round the back of the apse and the crypt have plain cubical capitals of this period . The two campanili flanking the apse at each end of the side aisle are the oldest example of this architectural arrangement . The isolated tower, which is all that remains of the ancient abbey of S . Stefano, is slightly later . The hill above the town is crowned by the imposing Castello delle Quattro Torri, built in 1358, and now a prison . One of the four towers was destroyed by lightning in 1676 . A tramway runs to Santhia . The ancient Eporedia, standing at the junction of the roads from Augusta Taurinorum and Vercellae, at the point where the road to Augusta Praetoria enters the narrow valley of the Duria (Dora Baltea), was a military position of considerable importance belonging to the Salassi who inhabited the whole upper valley of the Duria .

The importance of the

gold-mines of the district led to its seizure by the Romans in 143 B.C . The centre of the mining industry seems to have been Victumulae (see TIclNuM), until in 10o B.C. a colony of Roman citizens was founded at Eporedia itself; but the prosperity of this was only assured when the Salassi were finally defeated in 25 B.C. and Augusta Praetoria founded . There are remains of a theatre of the time of the Antonines and the Ponte Vecchio rests on Roman foundations . In the middle ages Ivrea was the capital of a Lombard duchy,and later of a marquisate; both Berengar II . (95o) and Arduin (1002) became kings of Italy for a short period . Later it submitted to the marquises of 1Vlonferrato, and in the middle of the 14th century passed to the house of Savoy . (T . As.) IVRY-SUR-SEINE, a town of northern France, in the department of Seine, near the left bank of the Seine, less than 1 m . S.S.E. of the fortifications of Paris . Pop . (1906) 30,532 . Ivry has a large hospital for incurables .

It manufactures

organs, earthenware, wall-paper and rubber, and has engineering works, breweries, and oil-works, its trade being facilitated by a port on the Seine . The town is dominated by a fort of the older line of defence of Paris .