JACKSON  , a

city and the county-seat of Madison county, Tennessee, U.S.A., situated on the Forked Deer river, about 85 m . N.E. of Memphis . Pop . (189o), 10,039; (1900), 14,511, of whom 61o8 were negroes; (1910 census), 15,779 . It is served by the Mobile & Ohio, the Nashville, Chattanooga & St Louis and the Illinois Central railways . The state supreme court holds its sessions here for the western district of Tennessee . The city is the seat of Union University (co-educational), chartered in 1875 as Southwestern Baptist University, and con-ducted under that name at Jackson until 1907, when the present name was adopted . In 1907–1908 the university had 17 instructors and 28o students . At Jackson, also, are St Mary's Academy (Roman Catholic); the Memphis Conference Female Institute (Methodist Episcopal, South, 1843), and Lane College (for negroes), under the control of the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church . Jackson is an important cotton market, and is a shipping point for the farm products and fruits of the surrounding country . It has also numerous manufactures and railway shops . The total value of the factory product in 1905 was $2,317,715 .

The

municipality owns and operates the electric-lighting plant and the water-works . There is in the city an electro-chalybeate well with therapeutic properties . Jackson was settled about 1820, incorporated as a town in 1823, chartered as a city in 1854, and in 1907 received a new charter by which the sale of intoxicating liquors is forever prohibited . After General Grant's advance into Tennessee in 1862 Jackson was fortified and became an important base of operations for the Federal army, Grant himself establishing his headquarters here in October .