JACOBUS DE VORAGINE (c. 1230-c. 1298)  , See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian chronicler, See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of See also:

• GENOA (anc. Genua, Ital. Genova, Fr. GPnes)

Genoa, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at the little See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Varazze, near Genoa, about the See also:

• YEAR

year 1230 . He entered the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of the friars preachers of St See also:

• DOMINIC, SAINT (1170-1221)

Dominic in 1244, and besides See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching with success in many parts of See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, taught in the See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools of his own fraternity . He was provincial of See also:

• LOMBARDY

Lombardy from 1267 till 1286, when he was removed at the See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting of the order in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris . He also represented his own See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province at the See also:

• COUNCILS

councils of See also:

• LUCCA (anc. Luca)
• LUCCA, BAGNI DI (Baths of Lucca, formerly Bagno a Corsena)

Lucca (1288) and See also:

• FERRARA

Ferrara (1290) . On the last occasion he was one of the four delegates charged with signifying See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas IV.'s See also:

• DESIRE

desire for the deposition of Munio de See also:

• ZAMORA

Zamora, who had been See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the order from 1285, and was deprived of his See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office by a papal See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

bull dated the 12th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1291 . In 1288 Nicholas empowered him to absolve the See also:

• PEOPLE

people of Genoa for their offence in aiding the Sicilians against See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles II . See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early in 1292 the same See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope, himself a Franciscan, summoned Jacobus to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, intending to consecrate him archbishop of Genoa with his own hands . He reached Rome on See also:

• PALM (Lat. palma, Gr. iraX6.jn )
• PALM, JOHANN PHILIPP (1768-1806)

Palm See also:

• SUNDAY

Sunday (See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 30), only to find his See also:

• PATRON

patron See also:

• ILL

ill of a deadly sickness, from which he died on See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good See also:

• FRIDAY (A.S. frige-dreg, fr. frige, gen. of frigu, love, or the goddess of love—the Norse Frigg,—the dreg, day; cf. Icelandic frjddagr, O.H. Ger. friatag, frigatag, mod. Ger. Freitag)

Friday (April 4) . The cardinals, however, " propter honorem Communis Januae," determined to carry out this See also:

• CONSECRATION (Lat. consecrallo, from con and sacrare, " to make sacred ")

consecration on the Sunday after See also:

• EASTER

Easter . He was a good See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop, and especially distinguished himself by his' efforts to appease the See also:

• CIVIL

civil discords of Genoa . He died in 1298 or 1299, and was buriedin the Dominican See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church at Genoa . A See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story, mentioned by the chronicler Echard as unworthy of See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit, makes See also:

• BONIFACE (Bonifacius)
• BONIFACE, SAINT (680-754)

Boniface VIII., on the first See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day of See also:

• LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")

Lent, See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast the ashes in the archbishop's eyes instead of on his See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head, with the words, " Remember that See also:

• THOU, JACQUES AUGUSTE DE [THUANUS] (1553-1617)
• THOU, NOM

thou See also:

• ART

art a Ghibelline, and with thy See also:

• FELLOW

fellow Ghibellines wilt return to naught." Jacobus de Voragine See also:

• LEFT

left a See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of his own See also:

• WORKS

works .

Speaking of himself in his Chronicon januense, he says, " While he was in his order, and after he had been made archbishop, he wrote many works . For he compiled the legends of the See also:

• SAINTS, BATTLE OF THE

saints (Legendae sanctorum) in one See also:

• VOLUME

volume, adding many things from the Historia tripartite et scholastics, and from the See also:

• CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF

chronicles of many writers." The other writings he claims are two See also:

• ANONYMOUS

anonymous volumes of " Sermons concerning all the Saints " whose yearly feasts the church celebrates . Of these volumes, he adds, one is very diffuse, but the other See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short and concise . Then follow Sermones de See also:

• OMNIBUS (Lat. " for all ")

omnibus evangeliis dominicalibu for every Sunday in the year; Sermones de omnibus evangeliis, i.e a See also:

• BOOK

book of discourses on all the Gospels, from Ash Wednesday to the Tuesday after Easter; and a See also:

• TREATISE

treatise called " Marialis, qui totus est de B . Maria compositus," consisting of about 16o discourses on the attributes, titles, &c., of the Virgin See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary . In the same See also:

• WORK

work the archbishop claims to have written his Chronicon januense in the second year of his pontificate (1293), but it extends to 1296 or 1297 . To this list Echard adds several other works, such as a See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of,the See also:

• DOMINICANS

Dominicans, printed at See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice in 1504, and a Sumtna virtutum et vitiorum Guillelmi Peraldi, a Dominican who died about 1250 . Jacobus is also said by See also:

• SIXTUS

Sixtus of See also:

• SIENA

Siena (Biblioth . Sacra, See also:

• LIB

lib. ix.) to have translated the Old and New Testaments into his own See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue . " But," adds Echard, " if he did so, the version lies so closely hid that there is no recollection of it," and it may be added that it is highly improbable that the See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man who compiled the See also:

• GOLDEN

Golden See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

Legend ever conceived the See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity of having the Scriptures in the See also:

• VERNACULAR (Lat. verna, dim. vernaculus, a slave horn in his master's house)

vernacular . His two See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief works are the Chronicon januense and the Golden Legend or Lombardica hystoria . The former is partly printed in See also:

• MURATORI

Muratori (Scriptures Rer .

Ital. ix . 6) . It is divided into twelve parts . The first four See also:

• DEAL

deal with the mythical See also:

• HISTORY

history of Genoa from the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of its founder, See also:

• JANUS

Janus, the first See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of Italy, and its enlarger, a second Janus " See also:

• CITIZEN (a form corrupted in Eng., apparently by analogy with " denizen," from O. Fr. citeain, mod. Fr. citoyen)

citizen of See also:

• TROY
• TROY, JEAN FRANCOIS DE (1679–1752)

Troy", till its See also:

• CONVERSION (Lat. conversio, from convertere, to turn or ,change)

conversion to See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity " about twenty-five years after the See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion of See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ." See also:

• PART

Part v. professes to treat of the beginning, the growth and the perfection of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city; but of the first See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period the writer candidly confesses he knows nothing except by hearsay . The second period includes the Genoese crusading exploits in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, and extends to their victory over the Pisans (c . 1130), while the third reaches down to the days of the author's archbishopric . The See also:

• SIXTH

sixth part deals with the constitution of the city, the seventh and eighth with the duties of rulers and citizens, the ninth with those of domestic See also:

• LIFE

life . The tenth gives the ecclesiastical history of Genoa from the time of its first known bishop, St See also:

• VALENTINE, or VALENTINUS

Valentine, " whom we believe to have lived about 530 A.D., " till 1133, when the city was raised to archiepiscopal See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank . The See also:

• ELEVENTH

eleventh contains the lives of all the bishops in order, and includes the chief events during their pontificates; the twelfth deals in the same way with the archbishops, not forgetting the writer himself . The Golden Legend, one of the most popular religious works of the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages, is a collection of the legendary lives of the greater saints of the See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval church . The See also:

• PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface divides the ecclesiastical year into four periods corresponding to the various epochs of the See also:

• WORLD

world's history, a time of deviation, of renovation, of reconciliation and of See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

pilgrimage . The book itself, however, falls into five sections: —(a) from See also:

• ADVENT (Lat. Adventus, sc. Redemptoris, " the coming of the Saviour ")

Advent to See also:

• CHRISTMAS (i.e. the Mass of Christ)

Christmas (cc .

1–5) ; (b) from Christmas to Septuagesima (6–3o) ; (c) from Septuagesima to Easter (31–53); (d) from Easter Day to the See also:

• OCTAVE (from Lat. octavus, eighth, octo, eight)

octave of See also:

• PENTECOST

Pentecost (54–76) ; (e) from the octave of Pentecost to Advent (77–18o) . The saints' lives are full of puerile legend, and in not a few cases contain accounts of 13th-See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century miracles wrought at See also:

• SPECIAL

special places, particularly with reference to the Dominicans . The last See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter but one (181), " De Sancto Pelagio Papa," contains a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of history of the world from the middle of the 6th century; while the last (182) is a somewhat allegorical disquisition, " De Dedicatione Ecclesiae." The Golden Legend was translated into See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French by See also:

• JEAN

Jean Belet de See also:

• VIGNY, ALFRED DE (1797-1863)

Vigny in the 14th century . It was also one of the earliest books to issue from the See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press . A Latin edition is assigned to about 1469; and a dated one was published at See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons in 1473 . Many other Latin See also:

• EDITIONS

editions were printed before the end of the century . A French See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation by Master See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Bataillier is dated 1476; Jean de Vigny's appeared at Paris, 1488; an Italian one by Nic . Manerbi ( ? Venice, 1475) ; a Bohemian one at See also:

• PILSEN (Czech, Plzen)

Pilsen, 1475–1479, and at See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

Prague, 1495; See also:

• CAXTON, WILLIAM (c. 1422-1491)

Caxton's See also:

• ENGLISH

English versions, 1483, 1487 and 1493; and a See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German one in 1489 . Several 15th-century editions of the Sermons are also known, and the Mariale was printed at Venice in 1497 and at Paris in 1503 . For bibliography see See also:

• POTTHAST, AUGUST (1824—1898)

Potthast, Bibliotheca hist. med. aev . (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1896), p .

634; U . See also:

• CHEVALIER, ALBERT (1861– )
• CHEVALIER, MICHEL (1806-1879)
• CHEVALIER, ULYSSE (1841– )

Chevalier, Repertoire See also:

• DES

des See also:

• SOURCES

sources hist . Bio.-bihl . (Paris, 1905), S.V .