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2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR JAMES (c....

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Originally appearing in Volume V08, Page 443 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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2ND See also:

EARL OF See also:DOUGLAS AND See also:MAR See also:JAMES (c. 1358–1388)  , married See also:Lady See also:Isabel See also:Stewart, daughter of See also:Robert II . In 1385 he made See also:war on the See also:English with the assistance of a See also:French contingent under See also:John de See also:Vienne . He allowed the English to advance to See also:Edinburgh, wisely refusing See also:battle, and contented himself with a destructive See also:counter-See also:raid on See also:Carlisle . Disputes soon arose between the See also:allies, and the French returned See also:home at the end of the See also:year . In 1388 See also:Douglas captured Hotspur See also:Percy's pennon in a skirmish near See also:Newcastle . Percy sought revenge in the battle of Otterburn (See also:August 1388), which ended in a victory for the Scots and the See also:capture of Hotspur and his See also:brother, though Douglas See also:fell in the fight . The struggle, narrated by See also:Froissart, is celebrated in the English and Scottish See also:ballads called " Chevy See also:Chase " and " The Battle of Otterburn." See also:Sir See also:Philip See also:Sidney " never heard the olde See also:song of Percy and Douglas that I found not my See also:heart mooved more than with a See also:trumpet " (Apologie for Poetrie) . The 2nd See also:earl See also:left no legitimate male issue . His natural sons See also:William and See also:Archibald became the ancestors of the families of Douglas of ' A descendant of a younger son of the See also:original William de Douglas . Un the See also:murder of the See also:knight of See also:Liddesdale, his lands, with the exception of Liddesdale and the Hermitage forfeited to the See also:crown and then secured by his See also:nephew, fell to his nephew, Sir See also:James Douglas of See also:Dalkeith and See also:Aberdour (d . 1420), whose See also:great-See also:grandson James Douglas, 3rd See also:Lord Dalkeith (d . 1504), became earl of See also:Morton in 1458 on his See also:marriage with Lady See also:Joan Stewart, third daughter of James I .

His grandson, the 3rd earl, left daughters only, of whom the eldest, See also:

Margaret, married James See also:Hamilton, earl of See also:Arran, See also:regent of See also:Scotland, ancestor of the See also:dukes of Hamilton; See also:Elizabeth married 'in 1543 James Douglas, who became by this marriage 4th earl of Morton . Drumlanrig (see See also:QUEENSBERRY) and Douglas of Cavers . His See also:sister Isabel became countess of See also:Mar, inheriting the lands of Mar and his unentailed estates . The earldom and entailed estates of Douglas reverted by the patent of 1358 to ARCHIBALD DOUGLAS, 3RD EARL OF DOUGLAS, called The Grim " (c . 1328-c . 1400), a natural son of the " See also:good" Sir James . With his See also:cousin, the 1st earl of Douglas, he had fought at See also:Poitiers, where he was taken prisoner, but was released through See also:ignorance of his real See also:rank . On his return to Scotland he became See also:constable and See also:sheriff of Edinburgh, and, later, See also:warden of the western See also:marches, where his position was strengthened by his becoming lord of See also:Galloway in 1369 and by his See also:purchase of the earldom of See also:Wigtown in x372 . He further increased his estates by his marriage with See also:Joanna See also:Moray, heiress of See also:Bothwell . During the intervals of war with the English he imposed feudal See also:law on the border chieftains, See also:drawing up a See also:special See also:code for the marches . He was twice sent on See also:missions to the French See also:court . The See also:power of the See also:Black Douglas overshadowed the crown under the weak See also:rule of Robert III., and in 1399 he arranged a marriage between See also:David, See also:duke of See also:Rothesay, the See also:king's son and See also:heir, and his own daughter, Marjory Douglas .

Rothesay was already contracted to marry Elizabeth See also:

Dunbar, daughter of the earl of See also:March, who had paid a large sum for the See also:honour . March, alienated from his See also:allegiance by this See also:breach of faith on the king's See also:part, now joined the English forces . 'A natural son of Archibald, Sir William of Douglas, lord of Nithisdale (d . 1392), married Egidia, daughter of Robert III . Archibald the Grim was succeeded by his eldest son,ARCHIBALD, 4TH EARL OF DOUGLAS, 1St duke of See also:Touraine, lord of Galloway and Annandale (1372-1424), who married in 1390 Lady Margaret Stewart, eldest daughter of John, earl of Carrick, afterwards King Robert III . In 1400 March and Hotspur Percy had laid See also:waste eastern Scotland as far as See also:Lothian when they were defeated by Douglas (then See also:master of Douglas) near See also:Preston . With the regent, Robert, duke of See also:Albany, he was suspected of complicity in the murder (March 1402) of David, duke of Rothesay, who was in their custody at See also:Falkland See also:Castle, but both were officially declared guiltless by the See also:parliament . In that year Douglas raided See also:England and was taken prisoner at Homildon See also:Hill by the Percys . He fought on the See also:side of his captors at See also:Shrewsbury (1403), and was taken prisoner by the English king See also:Henry IV . He became reconciled during his captivity with the earl of March,whose lands had been conferred on Douglas, but were now, with the exception of Annandale, restored . He returned to Scotland in 1409, but was in See also:constant communication with the English court for the See also:release of the See also:captive king James I . In 1412 he had visited See also:Paris, when he entered into a See also:personal See also:alliance with John the Fearless, duke of See also:Burgundy, and in 1423 he commanded a ' contingent of 10,000 Scots sent to the help of See also:Charles VII. against the English .

He was made See also:

lieutenant-See also:general in the French See also:army, and received the See also:peerage-duchy of Touraine with See also:remainder to his heirs-male . The new duke was defeated and slain at See also:Verneuil (1424) with his second son, James; his persistent See also:ill-See also:luck earned him the See also:title of the Tyneman (the loser) .

End of Article: 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR JAMES (c. 1358–1388)
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