See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
JAMES See also:BRUCE
, 8th See also:earl of See also:Elgin (1811-1863), See also:British statesman, eldest son of the 7th earl by his second See also:marriage, was See also:born in 1811, and succeeded to the See also:peerage as 8th earl of Elgin and 12th of Kincardine in 1841
.
He was educated at See also:Eton and at See also:Christ See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford, where he had as companions and rivals his younger predecessors in the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of See also:governor-See also:general of See also:India, See also:Dalhousie and See also:Canning
.
He began his See also:official career in 1842 at the See also:age of See also:thirty, as governor of See also:Jamaica
.
During an See also:administration of four years he succeeded in winning the respect of all classes
.
He improved the See also:condition of the negroes and See also:con-ciliated the planters by working through them
.
In 1846 See also:Lord See also:Grey appointed him governor-general of See also:Canada
.
Son-in-See also:law of the popular earl of See also:Durham, he was well received by the colonists, and he set himself deliberately to carry out the Durham policy
.
In this his See also:frank and genial See also:manners aided him See also:power-fully
.
His assent to the See also:local measure for indemnifying those who had suffered in the troubles of 1837 led the See also:mob of See also:Montreal to pelt his See also:carriage for the rewarding of rebels for See also:rebellion, as Mr See also:Gladstone described it
.
But See also:long before his eight years' See also:term of service expired he was the most popular See also:man in Canada
.
His relations with the See also:United States, his hearty support of the self-See also:government and See also:defence of the See also:colony, and his See also:settlement of the See also:free-See also:trade and See also:fishery questions, led to his being raised in 1849 to the British peerage as See also:Baron Elgin
.
Soon after his return to See also:England in 1854, Lord See also:Palmerston offered him a seat in the See also:cabinet as See also:chancellor of the duchy of See also:Lancaster, which he declined
.
But when, in 1856 the seizure of the " Arrow " by See also:Commissioner Yeh plunged England into See also:war with See also:China, he at once accepted the See also:appointment of See also:special See also:envoy with the expedition
.
On reaching Point de See also:Galle he was met by a force summoned from Bombay to See also:Calcutta by the See also:news of the See also:sepoy See also:mutiny at See also:Meerut on the 11th of May
.
His first See also:idea, that the somewhat meagre intelligence would justify most energetic See also:action in China, was at once changed when urgent letters from Lord Canning reached him at See also:Singapore, the next See also:port, on the 3rd of See also:June
.
H.M.S
.
" See also:Shannon " was at once sent on to Calcutta with the troops' destined for China, and Lord Elgin himself followed it, when gloomier letters from India reached him
.
The arrival of the " Shannon " gave new See also:life to the handful of See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white men fighting for See also:civilization against fearful odds, and before the reinforcements from England arrived the back of the mutiny had been broken
.
Nor was the position in China seriously affected by the want of the troops
.
Lord Elgin sent in his See also:ultimatum to Commissioner Yeh at See also:Canton on the same See also:day, the 12th of See also:December, that he learned the See also:relief of See also:Lucknow, and he soon after sent Yeh a prisoner to Calcutta
.
By See also:July 1858, after months of See also:Chinese deception, he was able to leave the Gulf of Pechili with the See also:emperor's assent to the Treaty of See also:Tientsin
.
Subsequently he visited See also:Japan, and obtained less considerable concessions from its government in the Treaty of Yeddo
.
It is true that the negotiations were confined to the really subordinate Tycoon or See also:Shogun, but that visit proved the beginning of British See also:influence in the most progressive See also:country of See also:Asia
.
Unfortunately, the Chinese difficulty was not yet at an end
.
After tedious disputes with the See also:tariff commissioners as to the See also:opium See also:duty, and a visit to the upper See also:waters of the Yang-tzse, Lord Elgin had reached England in May 1859
.
But when his See also:brother and the allied forces attempted to proceed to See also:Peking with the ratified treaty, they were fired on from the Taku forts at the mouth of the Peiho
.
The Chinese had resolved to try the See also:fortune of war once more, and Lord See also:- RUSSELL (FAMILY)
- RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
- RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
- RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
- RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
- RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
- RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
- RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
- RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
- RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )
Russell again sent out Lord Elgin as See also:ambassador extraordinary to demand an See also:apology for the attack, the See also:execution of the treaty, and an See also:indemnity for the military and See also:naval See also:expenditure
.
See also:Sir See also:Robert See also:Napier (afterwards Lord Napier of See also:Magdala) and Sir See also:Hope See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
Grant; with the See also:French, so effectuallyrouted the Tatar troops and sacked the Summer See also:Palace that by the 24th of See also:October r86o a See also:convention was concluded which was " entirely satisfactory to Her See also:Majesty's government." Lord Elgin had not been a See also:month at See also:home when Lord Palmerston selected him to be See also:viceroy and governor-general of India
.
He had now attained the See also:object of his See also:honourable ambition, after the office had been filled in most See also:critical times by his juniors and old See also:college companions, the See also:marquis of Dalhousie and Earl Canning
.
He succeeded a statesman who had done much to reorganize the whole administration of India, shattered as it had been by the mutiny
.
But, as the first viceroy directly appointed by the See also:Crown, and as subject to the secretary of See also:state for India, Lord Elgin at once gave up all Lord Canning had fought for, in the co-See also:ordinate See also:independence, or rather the stimulating responsibility, of the governor-general, which had prevailed from the days of See also:Clive and See also:Warren See also:Hastings
.
On the other See also:hand, he loyally carried out the See also:wise and equitable policy of his predecessor towards our feudatories with a firmness and a dignity that in the See also:case of See also:Holkar and See also:Udaipur had a See also:good effect
.
He did his best to check the aggression of the Dutch in See also:Sumatra, which was contrary to treaty, and he supported Dost Mahommed in See also:Kabul until that aged See also:warrior entered the then neutral and disputed territory of See also:Herat
.
Determined to maintain inviolate the integrity of our own See also:north-See also:west frontier, Lord Elgin assembled a See also:camp of exercise at See also:Lahore, and marched a force to the See also:Peshawar border to punish those branches of the Yusufzai tribe who had violated the engagements of 1858
.
It was in the midst of this " little war " that he died
.
Soon after his arrival at Calcutta, he had projected the usual tour to See also:Simla, to be followed by an inspection of the See also:Punjab and its warlike See also:ring-fence of Pathans
.
He even contemplated the summoning of the central legislative See also:council at Lahore
.
After passing the summer of 1863 in the cool See also:retreat of Peterhoff, Simla, Lord Elgin began a See also:march across the hills from Simla to See also:Sialkot by the upper valleys of the See also:Beas, the See also:Ravi and the See also:Chenab, chiefly to decide the two allied questions of See also:tea cultivation and trade routes to See also:Kashgar and See also:Tibet, The climbing up to the Rotung Pass (13,000 ft.) which separates the Beas valley from that of the Chenab, and the See also:crossing of the frail twig See also:bridge across the Chundra torrent, prostrated him by the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time he had descended into the smiling See also:English-like See also:Kangra valley
.
Thence he wrote his last See also:letter to Sir See also:Charles See also:Wood, still full of hope and not free from anxiety as to the Sittana expedition
.
At the lovely See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill station of See also:Dharmsala, " the See also:place of piety," he died of fatty degeneration of See also:heart on the loth of See also:November 1863
.
For his whole career see Letters and See also:Journals of See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James, Eighth Earl of Elgin, edited by Walrond, but corrected by his brother-in-law, See also:Dean See also:Stanley; for the China See also:missions see Narrative of the Earl of Elgin's See also:Mission to China and Japan, by Laurence See also:Oliphant, his private secretary; for the brief See also:Indian administration see the Friend of India for 1862-1863
.
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