See also:

• JAN

JAN See also:

• LASKI

LASKI  , the See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder (1456—1531), See also:

• POLISH

Polish statesman and See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople as his intermediary . On his way thither he was ecclesiastic, appears to have been largely self-taught and to have attacked and robbed of everything, including his See also:

• CREDENTIALS (lettres de creance)

credentials and owed everything to the remarkable See also:

• MENTAL

mental alertness which was the See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich- presents without which no negotiations were deemed hereditary in the See also:

• LASKI

Laski See also:

• FAMILY

family . He took orders betimes, and in possible at the See also:

• PORTE, THE SUBLIME (Arab. babi-'ali, the high gate, through the French translation la sublime porte)

Porte . But Laski was nothing if not audacious . 1495 was secretary to the Polish See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor Zawisza Kurozwecki, proceeding on his way to the See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital empty-handed, in which position he acquired both See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence and experience. he nevertheless succeeded in gaining the confidence of Gritti, the The aged chancellor entrusted the See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp-witted See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young ecclesiastic favourite of the See also:

• GRAND

grand See also:

• VIZIER

vizier, and ultimately persuaded the with the conduct of several important See also:

• MISSIONS (Lat. missio, a sending)

missions . Twice, in 1495 See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan to befriend Zapolya and to proclaim him See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary. and again in 1500, he was sent to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, and once on a See also:

• SPECIAL

special He went still further, and without the slightest authority for his See also:

• EMBASSY

embassy to See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders, of which he has See also:

• LEFT

left an See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account . On these See also:

• ACTION

action concluded a ten years' truce between his old See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master occasions he had the opportunity of displaying See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic See also:

• TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent King See also:

• SIGISMUND (1368-1437)

Sigismund of See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland and the Porte . He then returned of a high See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order . On the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession to the Polish See also:

• THRONE

throne in 15or of to Hungary at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of 10,000 men, with whose aid he enabled the indolent See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander, who had little knowledge of Polish affairs Zapolya to re-establish his position and defeat See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand at and chiefly resided in Lithuania, Laski was appointed by the See also:

• SAROS

Saros-Patak . He was rewarded with the countship of Zips See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate the king's secretary, in which capacity he successfully and the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor-generalship of Transylvania . But his influence opposed the growing separatist tendencies of the grand-duchy excited the See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy of the See also:

• MAGYARS

Magyars, and Zapolya was persuaded and maintained the influence of Catholicism, now seriously to imprison him . On being released by the interposition of the threatened there by the See also:

• MUSCOVITE

Muscovite propaganda .

So struck Polish grand See also:

• HETMAN

hetman, See also:

• TARNOWSKI, JAN [called MAGNUS] (1488-1561)

Tarnowski, he became the most violent was the king by his ability that on the See also:

• DEATH

death of the Polish opponent of Zapolya . Shortly after his return to Poland, chancellor in 1503 he passed over the See also:

• VICE

vice-chancellor Macics Laski died suddenly at See also:

• CRACOW (Pol. Krakov; Ger. Krakau)

Cracow, probably poisoned by one of his Dzewicki and confided the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• SEAL
• SEAL, FUR
• SEAL, HAIR

seal to Laski . As chancellor innumerable enemies . Laski supported the szlachta, or See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country-gentlemen, against See Alexander Hirschberg, Hieronymus Laski (Pol.) (See also:

• LEMBERG (Pol. Lwdw, Lat. Leopolis)

Lemberg, the See also:

• LOWER

lower orders, going so far as to pass an See also:

• EDICT (Lat. edictum, from e, out, and dicere, to say, speak)

edict excluding 1888) . henceforth all plebeians from the higher benefices of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church . See also:

• JAN

JAN LASKI, the younger (1499—1560), also known as Johannes Nevertheless he approved himself such an excellent public a Lasco, Polish reformer, son of Jaroslaw (d . 1523) See also:

• VOIVODE (also Vaivode, Vayvode, Wayvode, &c., Med. Gr. oe 68os)

voivode servant that the new king, Sigismund I., made him one of his of Sieradia and See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew of the famous See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

Archbishop Laski . During See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief counsellors . In 1511 the chancellor, who ecclesiastically his academical course abroad he made the acquaintance of was still only a See also:

• CANON

canon of Cracow, obtained the coveted dignity See also:

• ZWINGLI, HULDREICH (1484—1531)

Zwingli and See also:

• ERASMUS, DESIDERIUS (1466–1536)

Erasmus and returned to Poland in 1526 saturated of archbishop of See also:

• GNESEN (Polish, Gniezno)

Gnesen which carried with it the primacy of with the new doctrines . Nevertheless he took orders, and owing the Polish church . In the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long negotiations with the restive to the influence of his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle obtained the bishopric of Veszprem and semi-rebellious See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic Order, Laski rendered Sigismund in Hungary from King See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Zapolya, besides holding a canonry most important See also:

• POLITICAL

political services, proposing as a See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of the of Cracow and the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of royal secretary . In 1531 he resigned question that Sigismund should be elected grand master, while all his benefices rather than give up a woman whom he had he, Laski, should surrender the primacy to the new See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate secretly married, and having incurred See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general reprobation and of the knights, See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert of See also:

• BRANDENBURG

Brandenburg, a solution which would the lasting displeasure of his uncle the archbishop, he fled to have been far more profitable to Poland than the ultimate See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, where ultimately (1543) he adopted the See also:

• AUGSBURG
• AUGSBURG, CONFESSION OF
• AUGSBURG, WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF

Augsburg See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of 1525 .

In 1513 Laski was sent to the Lateran See also:

• CONFESSION (Lat. confessio, from confiteor, acknowledge, confess)

Confession . For the next thirteen years Laski was a wandering See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council, convened by See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• JULIUS

Julius II., to plead the cause of Poland apostle of the new doctrines . He was successively See also:

• SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent against the knights, where both as an orator and as a diplomatist at See also:

• EMDEN

Emden and in See also:

• FRIESLAND, or VRIESLAND

Friesland, passed from thence to See also:

• LONDON

London where he brilliantly distinguished himself . This See also:

• MISSION

mission was equally he became a member of the so-called See also:

• ECCLESIA (Gr. EKKX ria, from Lc, out, and Ka)teiv, to call)

ecclesia peregrinorum, a profitable to his country and himself, and he succeeded in obtain- See also:

• CONGREGATION (Lat. congregatio, a gathering together, from cum, with, grex, gregis, a flock, herd)

congregation of See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign Protestants exiled in consequence of the See also:

• ING

ing from the pope for the archbishops of Gnesen the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of legati Augsburg See also:

• INTERIM

Interim of 1548 and, on being expelled by See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen nati . In his old See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age Laski's partiality for his nephew, Hieronymus, See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary, took See also:

• REFUGE

refuge first in See also:

• DENMARK
• DENMARK (Danmark)

Denmark and subsequently at See also:

• FRANK, JAKOB (1726-1791)

Frank-led him to support the candidature of John Zapolya, the protege fort-on-See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

Main, where he was greatly esteemed . From See also:

• FRANKFORT

Frankfort of the See also:

• TURKS

Turks, for the Hungarian See also:

• CROWN

crown so vehemently against he addressed three letters (printed at See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel) to King Sigismund, the Habsburgs that See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement VII. excommunicated him, and the See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus, and the Polish gentry and See also:

• PEOPLE

people, urging the See also:

• CON

con-See also:

• SHOCK, or COLLAPSE

shock of this disgrace was the cause of his sudden death in 1531. version of Poland to Protestantism . In 1556, during the brief Of his numerous See also:

• WORKS

works the most noteworthy are his collection of See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph of the See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-catholics, he returned to his native See also:

• LAND

land, Polish statutes entitled: Statuta provinciae gnesnensis antiqua, took See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod of Brzesc, and published a number of (Cracow, 1525—1528) and De Ruthenorum nationibus eorumque polemical works, the most noteworthy of which were Forma ,erroribus, printed at See also:

• NUREMBERG (Ger. Nurnberg)

Nuremberg. ac ratio Iota ecclesiastici ministerii in peregrinorum Ecdesiae See Heinrich R. von See also:

• ZEISSBERG, HEINRICH, RITTER

Zeissberg, Joh . Laski, Erzbischof in Gnesen instituta (Pinczow, 1560), and in Polish, See also:

• HISTORY

History of the Cruel (See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, 1874) ; and Jan Korytkowski, Jan Laski, Archbishop of Persecution of the Church of See also:

• GOD

God in 1567, republished in his Gnesen (Gnesen, 188o) .