JAVA  .) Inhabitants.-The See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority of the native inhabitants of the See also:

• MALAY

Malay See also:

• ARCHIPELAGO

Archipelago belong to two races, the See also:

• MALAYS

Malays and the Melanesians (See also:

• PAPUANS (Malay pap4wah or puwah-puwah, " frizzled," " woolly-haired," in reference to their characteristic hair-dressing)

Papuans) . As regards the See also:

• PRESENT

present racial See also:

• DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution, the view accepted by many anthropologists, following A . H . See also:

• KEANE, JOHN JOSEPH (1839– )

Keane, is that the See also:

• NEGRITOS (Span. for " little negroes ")

Negritos, still found in the Philippines, are the true See also:

• ABORIGINES

aborigines of Indo-See also:

• CHINA

China and western Malaysia, while the Melanesians, probably their kinsmen, were the earliest occupants of eastern Malaysia and western See also:

• POLYNESIA, (Gr. iroXi,, many, and vnno-os, island)
• POLYNESIA, MELANESIA, MICRONESIA (q.v.)

Polynesia . At some date See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long anterior to See also:

• HISTORY

history it is supposed that Indo-China was occupied first by a See also:

• FAIR

fair Caucasian See also:

• PEOPLE

people and later by a yellow Mongolian See also:

• RACE

race . From these two have come all the peoples-other than Negrito or Papuan-found to-See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day from the Malay See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

Peninsula to the farthest islands of Polynesia . The Malay Archipelago was thus first invaded by the Caucasians, who eventually passed eastward and are to-day represented in the Malay Archipelago only by the See also:

• MENTAWI

Mentawi islanders . They were followed by an See also:

• IMMIGRATION (from Lat. in, into, and tnigrare, to depart)

immigration of Mongol-Caucasic peoples with a preponderance of Caucasic See also:

• BLOOD

blood-the Indonesians of some, the pre-Malays of other writers-who are to-day represented in the archipelago by such peoples as the See also:

• DYAKS, or DAYAKS

Dyaks of See also:

• BORNEO

Borneo and the See also:

• BATTAS (Dutch Battaks)

Battas of See also:

• SUMATRA

Sumatra . At a far later date, probably almost within historic times, the true Malay race, a See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of Mongol and Caucasic elements, came into existence and overran the archipelago, in See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time becoming the dominant race . A See also:

• HINDU

Hindu See also:

• STRAIN (through O. Fr. straindre, estraindre, mod. i treindre, from Lat. stringere, to draw tight, related to stress, stretch, string, &c.)

strain is evident in Java and others of the western islands; See also:

• MOORS (Lat. Mauri; Gr. Mavpot, dark men)
• MOORS, KABYLES, MZABITES

Moors and See also:

• ARABS

Arabs (that is, as the names are used in the archipelago, Mahommedans from various countries between See also:

• ARABIA

Arabia and See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India) are found more or less amalgamated with many of the Malay peoples; and the' See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, from an economical point of view, one of the most important sections of the community in many of the more civilized districts . Chinese have been established in the archipelago from a very See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early date: the first Dutch invaders found them settled at Jacatra; and many of them, as, for instance, the See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony of See also:

• TERNATE

Ternate, have taken so kindly to their new See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home that they have acquired Malay to the disuse of their native See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue . Chinese tombs are among the See also:

• OBJECTS

objects that strike the traveller's See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention at See also:

• AMBOYNA (Dutch Ambon)

Amboyna and other See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient settlements .

There is a vast See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field for philological explorations in the archipelago . Of, the See also:

• GREAT

great number of distinct See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages known to exist, few have been studied scientifically . The most widely distributed is the Malay, which has not only been diffused by the Malays themselves throughout the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast regions of the various islands, but, owing partly to the readiness with which it can be learned, has become the See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• MEDIUM

medium between the Europeans and the natives . The most cultivated of the, native See also:

• TONGUES, GIFT OF, or GLOSSOLALIA (yXwova, tongue, aXeiv, speak)

tongues is the Javanese, and it is spoken by a greater number of people than any of the others . To it Sundanese stands in the relation that See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

Low See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German holds to High German, and the Madurese in the relation of a strongly individualized See also:

• DIALECT (from Gr. Sia stcror, conversation, manner of speaking, &aXeyec6at, to converse)

dialect . Among the other languages which have been reduced to See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing and grammatically analysed are the Balinese, closely connected with the Javanese, the See also:

• BATTA

Batta (with its dialect the Toba), the Dyak and the Macassarese . Alfurese, a vague See also:

• TERM

term meaning in the mouths of the natives little else than non-See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan, has been more particularly applied by Dutch philologists to the native speech of certain tribes in See also:

• CELEBES

Celebes . The commercial activity of the Buginese causes their See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language to be fairly widely spoken-little, however, by Europeans . See also:

• POLITICAL

Political See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

Division.-Politically the whole of the archipelago, except See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North Borneo, &c . (see BORNEO), See also:

• PART

part of See also:

• TIMOR
• TIMOR (Timur i Leng, the lame Timur)

Timor (Portuguese), New See also:

• GUINEA

Guinea See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of the 141st See also:

• MERIDIAN
• MERIDIAN (from the Lat. meridianus, pertaining to the south or mid-day)

meridian (British and German), and the Philippine Islands, belongs to the Nether-lands . The Philippine Islands which had been for several centuries a See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession, passed in 1898 by See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest to the See also:

• UNITED

United States of See also:

• AMERICA

America . For these several political See also:

• UNITS, DIMENSIONS OF
• UNITS, PHYSICAL

units see the See also:

• SEPARATE

separate articles; a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general view, however, is here given of the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, economic conditions, &c., of the Dutch possessions, which the Dutch See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call Nederlandsch-Indie .