GEORG See also:

• GEORG JENATSCH (1596-1639)

JENATSCH (1596-1639)  , Swiss See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader, one of his See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom to an See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly on the See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the Onon, and of the most striking figures in the troubled See also:

• HISTORY

history of the See also:

• GRISONS (Ger. Graubunden)

Grisons in the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Samaden (See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the Upper See also:

• ENGADINE (Ger. Engadin; Ital. Engadina; Ladin, Engiadina)

Engadine) . He studied at See also:

• ZURICH
• ZURICH (Fr. Zurich; Ital. Zurigo)

Zurich and See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel, and in 1617 became the See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant pastor of Scharans (near Thusis) . But almost at once he plunged into active politics, taking the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the Venetian and Protestant party of the Salis See also:

• FAMILY

family, as against the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish and Romanist policy supported by the See also:

• RIVAL

rival family, that of Planta . He headed the " preachers " who in 1618 tortured to See also:

• DEATH

death the See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

arch-See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest Rusca, of See also:

• SONDRIO

Sondrio, and outlawed the Plantas . As See also:

• REPRISALS (Fr. represailles, from reprendre; Lat. reprehendere, to take back)

reprisals, a number of Protestants were massacred at Tirano (162o), in the See also:

• VALTELLINA (Ger. Veltlin; the name comes from the former capital, Teglio, near Tresenda)

Valtellina, a very fertile valley, of considerable strategical importance (for through it the Spaniards in See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan could communicate by the Umbrail Pass with the Austrians in See also:

• TIROL (or TYROL 1)

Tirol), which then See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into the hands of the Spanish . See also:

• JENATSCH, GEORG (1596-1639)

Jenatsch took See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• MURDER

murder (1621) of See also:

• POMPEY

Pompey Planta, the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the rival party, but later with his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends was compelled to See also:

• FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, giving up his position as a pastor, and henceforth acting solely as a soldier . He helped in the revolt against the Austrians in the Prattigau (1622), and in the invasion of the Valtellina by a See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army (1624), but the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace made (1626) between See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain See also:

• LEFT

left the Valtellina in the hands of the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope, and so destroyed Jenatsch's hopes . Having killed his See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel, Ruinelli, in a See also:

• DUEL (Ital. duello, Lat. duellum—old form of bellum-from duo, two)

duel, Jenatsch had once more to leave his native See also:

• LAND

land, and took service with the Venetians (1629-1630) . In 1631 he went to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, and actively supported See also:

• RICHELIEU, ARMAND EMMANUEL SOPHIE SEPTEMANIE DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, ARMAND JEAN DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, LOUIS FRANCOIS ARMAND DU PLESSIS

Richelieu's schemes for See also:

• DRIVING (from " to drive," i.e. generally to propel, force along or in, a word common in various forms to the Teutonic languages)

driving the Spaniards out of the Valtellina, which led to the successful See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of See also:

• ROHAN
• ROHAN, HENRI
• ROHAN, LOUIS RENE EDOUARD, CARDINAL DE (1734-1803)

Rohan (1635), one of whose firmest supporters was Jenatsch . But he soon saw that the French were as unwilling as the Spaniards to restore the Valtellina to the Grisons (which had seized it in 1512) . So he became a Romanist (1635), and negotiated secretly with the Spaniards and Austrians . He was the leader of the .See also:

• CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy which See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out in 1637, and resulted in the See also:

• EXPULSION (Lat. expulsio, from expellere)

expulsion of Rohan and the French from the Grisons .

This treachery on Jenatsch's part did not, however, See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead to the freeing of the Valtellina from the Spaniards, and once more he tried to get French support . But on the 24th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1639 he was assassinated at See also:

• COIRE (Ger. Chur or Cur, Ital. Coira, Lat. Curia Raetorum, Romonsch Cuera)

Coire by the Plantas; later in the same See also:

• YEAR

year the much coveted valley was restored by Spain to the Grisons, which held it till 1797 . Jenatsch's career is of See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical importance by See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason of the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long conflict between France and Spain for the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the Valtellina, which forms one of the most bloody episodes in the See also:

• THIRTY

Thirty Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War . (W . A . B . C.) See See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography by E . Haffter (See also:

• DAVOS (Romonsch Tavau, a name variously explained as meaning a sheep pasture or simply " behind ")

Davos, 1894) .