See also:

• JERICHO (WI:, m;, once ahn:, a word of disputed meaning, whether " fragrant " or " moon [-god] city ")

JERICHO (WI:, m;, once ahn:, a word of disputed meaning, whether " fragrant " or " See also:

• MOON (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maan, Dan. maane, &c., and cognate with such Indo-Germanic forms as Gr. µlip, Sans. ma's, Irish mi, &c.; Lat. uses luna, i.e. lucna, the shining one, lucere, to shine, for the moon, but preserves the word i
• MOON, SIR RICHARD, 1ST BARONET (1814-1899)

moon [-See also:

• GOD

god] See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city ")  , an important See also:

• TOWN

town in the See also:

• JORDAN (the down-comer; Arab. esh-Sheri'a, the watering-place)
• JORDAN, CAMILLE (1771—1821)
• JORDAN, DOROTHEA (1762—1816)
• JORDAN, THOMAS (1612 ?–1685)
• JORDAN, WILHELM (1819–1904)

Jordan valley some 5 M . N. of the Dead See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea . The references to it in the See also:

• PENTATEUCH

Pentateuch are confined to rough See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

geographical indications of the See also:

• LATITUDE (Lat. latitudo, latus, broad)

latitude of the trans-Jordanic See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp of the Israelites in See also:

• MOAB

Moab before their See also:

• CROSSING

crossing of the See also:

• RIVER

river . This was the first Canaanite See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city to be attacked and reduced by the victorious Israelites . The See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of its See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest is fully narrated in the first seven chapters of See also:

• JOSHUA, BOOK OF

Joshua . There must be some little exaggeration in the statement that See also:

• JERICHO (WI:, m;, once ahn:, a word of disputed meaning, whether " fragrant " or " moon [-god] city ")

Jericho was totally destroyed; a See also:

• HAMLET

hamlet large enough to be enumerated among the towns of See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin (Josh. xviii . 21) must have remained; but that it was small is shown by the fact that it was deemed a suitable See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place for See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David's ambassadors to retire to after the indignities put upon them by Hanun (2 Sam. x . 5; r Chron. xix . 5) . Its refortification was due to a Bethelite named Hiel, who endeavoured to avert the curse of Joshua by offering his sons as sacrifices at certain stages of the See also:

• WORK

work (I See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

Kings xvi . 34)• After this event it See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew again into importance and became the site of a See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college of prophets (2 Kings ii . 4 sqq.) for whom See also:

• ELISHA (a Hebrew name meaning " God is deliverance ")

Elisha " healed " its poisonous See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters .

The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring in the neighbourhood of Jericho still bears (among the See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign residents) the name of Elisha; the natives See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call it, See also:

• AIN

Ain es-See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

Sultan, or " Sultan's spring." To Jericho the victorious Israelite marauders magnanimously returned their Judahite captives at the bidding of the See also:

• PROPHET (Irpo4i ri7s)

prophet Oded (2 Chron. See also:

• XXVIII

xxviii . 15) . Here was fought the last fight between the Babylonians and See also:

• ZEDEKIAH (Hebrew for " righteousness of Yah[weh] ")

Zedekiah, wherein the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of See also:

• JUDAH

Judah came to an end (2 Kings See also:

• XXV

xxv . 5; Jer. xxxix . 5, lii . 8) . In the New Testament Jericho is connected with the well-known stories of See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

Bar-See also:

• TIMAEUS (c. 345—c. 250 B.e.)

Timaeus (Matt. xx . 29; See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

Mark x . 46; See also:

• LUKE
• LUKE, GOSPEL OF ST

Luke xviii . 35) and Zacchaeus (Luke xix . 1) and with the See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good Samaritan (Luke x . 30) .

The extra-Biblical See also:

• HISTORY

history of Jericho is as disastrous as are the records preserved in the Scriptures . Bacchides, the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the Syrians, captured and fortified it (i . See also:

• MACE (Fr. masse, O. Fr. mace, connected with Lat.'ntateola, a mallet)

Mace. ix . 50), See also:

• ARISTOBULUS

Aristobulus (Jos . See also:

• ANT
• ANT (O. Eng. aemete, from Teutonic a, privative, and maitan, cut or bite off, i.e. " the biter off "; aemete in Middle English became differentiated in dialect use to (mete, then amte, and so ant, and also to emete, whence the synonym " emmet," now only u

Ant . XIV. i . 2) also took it, See also:

• POMPEY

Pompey (ib . XIV. iv . I) encamped here on his way to See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem . Before See also:

• HEROD
• HEROD (surnamed THE GREAT)

Herod its inhabitants ran away (ib . XIV. xv . 3) as they did before See also:

• VESPASIAN

Vespasian (See also:

• WARS

Wars, IV. viii .

2) . The See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason of this lack of warlike quality was no doubt the enervating effect of the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat of the depression in which the city lies, which has the same effect on the handful of degraded humanity that still occupies the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient site . Few places in See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine are more fertile . It was the city of See also:

• PALM (Lat. palma, Gr. iraX6.jn )
• PALM, JOHANN PHILIPP (1768-1806)

palm trees of the ancient See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record of the Israelite invasion preserved in See also:

• PART

part in Judg. i . 16; and See also:

• JOSEPHUS, FLAVIUS (c. 37-C. 95?)

Josephus speaks of its fruitfulness with See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm (Wars IV . 8, 3) . Even now with every possible hindrance in the way of cultivation it is an important centre of See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit-growing . The See also:

• MODERN

modern er-Riha is a poor squalid See also:

• VILLAGE

village of, it is estimated, about 30o inhabitants . It is not built exactly on the ancient site . Indeed, the site of Jericho has shifted several times . The See also:

• MOUND

mound of Tell es-Sultan, near " Elisha's See also:

• FOUNTAIN (Late Lat. fontana, from ions, a spring)

Fountain," See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of the modern village, no doubt covers the Canaanite town . There are two later sites, of See also:

• ROMAN

Roman or Herodian date, one north, the other See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, of this .

It was probably the crusaders who established the modern site . An old See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower attributed to them is to be seen in the village, and in the surrounding mountains are many remains of See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• MONASTICISM (Gr. p.ovacrnabs, living alone, µ6vos)

monasticism . Aqueducts, ruined See also:

• SUGAR

sugar-See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills, and other remains of ancient See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry abound in the neighbourhood . The whole See also:

• DISTRICT

district is the private See also:

• PROPERTY

property of the sultan of See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey . In 1907–8 the Canaanite Jericho was excavated under the direction of Prof . Sellin of See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna . See " The See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German Excavations at Jericho," See also:

• PAL, KRISTO DAS (1839–1884)

Pal . Explor . Fund, Quart . Statem . (1910), pp . 54–68 .