See also:

• JEROME, JEROME KLAPKA (1859– )
• JEROME, ST (HIERONYMUS, in full EUSEBIUS SOPHRONIUS HIERONYMUS) (c. 340–420)

JEROME OF See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

PRAGUE (d. 1416)  , an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early Bohemian See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church-reformer and friend of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Hus . See also:

• JEROME, JEROME KLAPKA (1859– )
• JEROME, ST (HIERONYMUS, in full EUSEBIUS SOPHRONIUS HIERONYMUS) (c. 340–420)

Jerome's See also:

• PART

part in the Hussite See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement was formerly much overrated . Very little is known of his early years . He is stated to have belonged to a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble Bohemian See also:

• FAMILY

family 3 and to have been a few years younger than Hus . After beginning his studies at the university of See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

Prague, where he never attempted to obtain any ecclesiastical See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, Jerome proceeded to See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford in 1398 . There he became greatly impressed by the writings of Wycliffe, of whose Dialogus and Trialogus he made copies . Always inclined to a roving See also:

• LIFE

life, he soon proceeded to the university of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris and afterwards continued his studies at See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne and See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg, returning to Prague in 1407 . In 1403 he is stated to have undertaken a See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey to See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem . At Paris his open advocacy of the views of Wycliffe brought him into conflict with John See also:

• GERSON, JOHN (1363—1429)

Gerson, See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor of the university . In Prague Jerome soon attracted See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention by his advanced and outspoken opinions . He gave See also:

• GREAT

great offence also by exhibiting a portrait of Wycliffe in his See also:

• ROOM

room . Jerome was soon on terms of friendship with Hus, and took part in all the controversies of the university .

When in 1408 a See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• EMBASSY

embassy arrived at Kutna Hora, the See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• WENCESLAUS (1361-1419)

Wenceslaus of Bohemia, and proposed that the papal See also:

• SCHISM

schism should be terminated by the refusal of the temporal authorities further to recognize either of the See also:

• RIVAL

rival popes, Wenceslaus summoned to Kutna Hora the members of the university . The Bohemian magistri spoke strongly in favour of the French proposals, while the Germans maintained their See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance to the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope, See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory XII . The re-organization of the university was also discussed, and as Wenceslaus for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time favoured the Germans, Hus and Jerome, as leaders of the Bohemians, incurred the anger of the king, who threatened them with See also:

• DEATH

death by See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire should they oppose his will . In 1410 Jerome, who had incurred the hostility of the See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

arch-See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Prague by his speeches in favour of Wycliffe's teaching, went to Of en, where King See also:

• SIGISMUND (1368-1437)

Sigismund of See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary resided, and, though a layman, preached before the king denouncing strongly the rapacity and immorality of the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy . Sigismund shortly afterwards received a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter from the See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of Prague containing accusations against Jerome . He was imprisoned by See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of the king, but does not appear to have been detained See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long in Hungary . Appearing at See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, he was again brought 3 The statement that Jerome's family name was Faulfiss, is founded on a misunderstood passage of See also:

• AENEAS

Aeneas Sylvius, Historica Bohemica . Aeneas Sylvius names as one of the early Bohemian reformers a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man " genere nobilis, ex See also:

• DOME (Lat domus, house; Ital. duomo, cathedral)

dome See also:

• GUAM (Span. Guajan; Guahan, in the native Chamorro)

guam Putridi Piscis vocant." This was erroneously believed to refer to Jerome . before the ecclesiastical authorities . He was accused of spreading Wycliffe's doctrines, and his See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general conduct at Oxford, Paris, Cologne, Prague and Ofen was censured . Jerome vowed that he would not leave Vienna till he had cleared himself from the See also:

• ACCUSATION (Lat. accusatio, accusare, to challenge to a causa, a suit or trial at law)

accusation of See also:

• HERESY

heresy . Shortly afterwards he secretly See also:

• LEFT

left Vienna, declaring that this promise had been forced on him .

He went first to Vottau in See also:

• MORAVIA (Ger., Ma/wen; Czech, Morava)

Moravia, and then to Prague . In 1412 the representatives of Pope Gregory NII. publicly offered indulgences for See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale at Prague, wishing to raise See also:

• MONEY

money for the pope's See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign against King See also:

• LADISLAUS [I.]

Ladislaus of See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples, an adherent of the antipope of See also:

• AVIGNON

Avignon . Contrary to the wishes of the archbishop of Prague a See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting of the members of the university took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, at which both Hus and Jerome spoke strongly against the sale of indulgences . The fiery eloquence of Jerome, which is noted by all contemporary writers, obtained for him greater success even than that of Hus, particularly among the younger students, who conducted him in See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph to his dwelling-place . Shortly afterwards Jerome proceeded to See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland—it is said on the invitation of King See also:

• WLADISLAUS (WLADISLAW)

Wladislaus . His courtly See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners and his eloquence here also caused him to become very popular, but he again met with strong opposition from the Roman Church . While travel-See also:

• LING, PER HENRIK (1776-1839)

ling with the See also:

• GRAND

grand-See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke Lithold of Lithuania Jerome took part in the religious services of the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek Orthodox Church . During his stay in See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• EUROPE

Europe Jerome received the See also:

• NEWS

news that Hus had been summoned to appear before the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• CONSTANCE
• CONSTANCE (Ger. Konstanz or Costnitz)
• CONSTANCE, COUNCIL OF
• CONSTANCE, LAKE OF (called by the Romans Lacus Brigantinus or lake of Bregenz, and now usually named in German Bodensee, as well as the " Swabian Sea ")

Constance . He wrote to his friend advising him to do so and adding that he would also proceed there to afford him assistance . Contrary to the See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice of Hus he arrived at Constance on the 4th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1415 . Advised to See also:

• FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly immediately to Bohemia, ke succeeded in reaching Hirschau, only 25 M. from the Bohemian frontier . He was here arrested and brought back in chains to Constance, where he was examined by See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges appointed by the council .

His "courage failed him in See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison and, to regain his freedom, he renounced the doctrines of Wycliffe and Hus . He declared that Hus had been justly executed and stated in a letter addressed on the 12th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1415 to Lacek, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord of Kravafthe only See also:

• LITERARY

literary document of Jerome that has been preserved—that " the dead man (Hus) had written many false and harmful things." Full confidence was not placed in Jerome's recantation . He claimed to be heard at a general meeting of the council, and this was granted to him . He now again maintained all the theories which he had formerly advocated, and, after a trial that lasted only one See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, he was condemned to be burnt as a heretic . The See also:

• SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence was immediately carried out on the 3oth of May 1416, and he met his death with fortitude . As See also:

• POGGIO (1380-1459)

Poggio See also:

• BRACCIOLINI, FRANCESCO (1566-1645)

Bracciolini writes, " none of the See also:

• STOICS

Stoics with so See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant and brave a soul endured death, which he (Jerome) seemed rather to long for." The eloquence of the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian humanist has bestowed a not entirely merited aureole on the memory of Jerome of Prague . See all See also:

• WORKS

works dealing with Hus; and indeed all histories of Bohemia contain detailed accounts' of the career of Jerome . The Lives of John Wicliffe, Lord See also:

• COBHAM

Cobham, John See also:

• HUSS (or Hus), JOHN (c. 1373-1415)

Huss, Jerome of Prague and 2a/See also:

• EA(nar...), (p.s„,.,.)
• EA(psr...), (p, „...)• (pqr...)

ea by See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• GILPIN, BERNARD (1517-1583)

Gilpin (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1765) still has a certain value .