JHALAWAR  , a native

state of India, in the Rajputana agency, pop . (1901), 90,175; estimated revenue, £26,000; tribute, £2000 . Area, 810 sq. in . The ruling family of Jhalawar belongs to the Jhala clan of Rajputs, and their ancestors were petty chiefs of Halwad in the district of Jhalawar, in Kathiawar . About 1709 one of the younger sons of the head of the clan left his country with his son to try his fortunes at Delhi . At Kotah he left his son Madhu Singh, who soon became a favourite with the maharaja, and received from him an important post, which became hereditary . On the death of one of the Kotah rajas (1771), the country was left to the charge of Zalim Singh, a descendant of Madhu Singh . From that time Zalim Singh was the real ruler of Kotah . He brought it to a wonderful state of prosperity, and under his administration, which lasted over forty-five years, the Kotah territory was respected by all parties . In 1838 it was resolved, with the consent of the chief of Kotah, to dismember the state, and to create the new principality of Jhalawar as a separate provision for the descendants of Zalim Singh . The districts then severed from Kotah were considered to represent one-third (£120,000) of the income of Kotah; by treaty they acknowledged the supremacy of the British, and agreed to pay an annual tribute of £8000 . Madan Singh received the title of maharaja rana, and was placed on the same footing as the other chiefs in Rajputana .

He died in 1845 . An adopted son of his successor took the name of Zalim Singh in 1875 on becoming chief of Jhalawar . He was a

minor and was not invested with governing powerk till 1884 . Owing to his maladministration, his relations with the British government became strained, and he was finally deposed in 1896, " on account of persistent misgovernment and proved unfitness for the powers of a ruling chief." He went to live at Benares, on a pension of £2000; and the administration was placed in the hands of the British resident . After much consideration, the government resolved in 1897 to break up the state, restoring the greater part to Kotah, but forming the two districts of Shahabad and the Chaumahla into a new state, which came into existence in 1899, and of which Kunwar Bhawani Singh, a descendant of the original Zalim Singh, was appointed chief . The chief town is PATAN, Or JHALRAPATAN (pop.7955), founded close to an old site by Zalim Singh in 1796, by the side of an artificial lake . It is the centre of trade, the chief exports of the state being opium, oil-seeds and cotton . The palace is at the cantonment or chhaoni, 4 M. north . The ancient site near the town was occupied by the city of Chandrawati, said to have been destroyed in the time of Aurangzeb . The finest feature of its remains is the temple of Sitaleswar Mahadeva (c . 600) .