See also:

• JIHAD (also written JEHAD, JAHAD, DJEHAD)

JIHAD (also written JEHAD, JAHAD, DJEHAD)  , an Arabic word of which the literal meaning is an effort or a contest . It is used to designate the religious See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty inculcated in the See also:

• KORAN

Koran on the followers of See also:

• MAHOMET (strictly MUHAMMAD, commonly also MOHAMMED)

Mahomet to wage See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war upon those who do not accept the doctrines of See also:

• ISLAM

Islam . This duty is laid down in five surasall of these suras belonging to the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period after Mahomet had established his See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power . Conquered peoples who will neither embrace Islam nor pay a See also:

• POLL

poll-tax (jizya) are to be put to the See also:

• SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword . (See further See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

MAHOMMEDAN INSTITUTIONS.) By Mahommedan commentators the commands in the Koran are not interpreted as a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• INJUNCTION (from Lat. injungere, to fasten, or attach to, to lay a burden or charge on, to enjoin)

injunction on all Moslems constantly to make war on the infidels . It is generally supposed that the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order for a general war can only be given by the See also:

• CALIPH, CALIF

caliph (an See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office now claimed by the sultans of See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey) . Mahommedans who do not acknowledge the spiritual authority of the See also:

• OTTOMAN

Ottoman See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan, such as the Persians and See also:

• MOORS (Lat. Mauri; Gr. Mavpot, dark men)
• MOORS, KABYLES, MZABITES

Moors, look to their own rulers for the See also:

• PROCLAMATION (Lat. proclamare, to make public by announcement)

proclamation of a See also:

• JIHAD (also written JEHAD, JAHAD, DJEHAD)

jihad; there has been in fact no universal warfare by Moslems on unbelievers since the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early days of Mahommedanism . Jihads are generally proclaimed by all persons who claim to be mandis, e.g . Mahommed Al7mad (the Sudanese See also:

• MANDI

mandi) proclaimed a jihad in 1882 . In the belief of Moslems every one of their number slain in a jihad is taken straight to See also:

• PARADISE (Gr. lrap6BEwos)

paradise .