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JOHN H

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 441 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOHN H  . (1319-1364), surnamed the See also:Good, See also:king of See also:France, son of See also:Philip VI. and Jeanne of See also:Burgundy, succeeded his See also:father in 1350 . At the See also:age of 13 he married See also:Bona of See also:Luxemburg, daughter of See also:John, king of Bohemia . His See also:early exploits against the See also:English were failures and revealed in the See also:young See also:prince both avarice and stubborn persistence in projects obviously See also:ill-advised . It was especially the latter quality which brought about his ruin . His first See also:act upon becoming king was to See also:order the See also:execution of the See also:constable, Raoul de Brienne . The reasons for this are unknown, but from the secrecy with which it was carried. out and the readiness with which the See also:honour was transferred to the king's See also:close friend See also:Charles of La Cesda, it has been attributed to the See also:influence and ambition of the latter . John surrounded himself with evil counsellors, See also:Simon de Buci, See also:Robert de Lorris, See also:Nicolas Braque, men of See also:low origin who robbed the See also:treasury and oppressed the See also:people, while the king gave himself up to tournaments and festivities . In See also:imitation of the English order of the Garter, he established the knightly order of the See also:Star, and celebrated its festivals with See also:great display . Raids of the See also:Black Prince in See also:Languedoc led to the states-See also:general of 1355, which readily voted See also:money, but sanctioned the right of resistance against all kinds. of pillage —a distinct commentary on the incompetence of the king . In See also:September 1356 John gathered the See also:flower of his See also:chivalry and attacked the Black Prince at See also:Poitiers . The utter defeat of the See also:French was made the more humiliating by the See also:capture of their king, who had bravely led the third See also:line of See also:battle .

Taken to See also:

England to await See also:ransom, John was at first installed in the See also:Savoy See also:Palace,- then at See also:Windsor, See also:Hertford, Somerton, and at last in the See also:Tower . He was granted royal See also:state with his See also:captive companions, made a See also:guest at tournaments, and supplied with luxuries imported by him from France . The treaty of Bretigny (136o), which fixed his ransom at 3,000,000 crowns, enabled him to return to France, but although he married his daughter See also:Isabella to Gian Galeazzo See also:Visconti of See also:Milan, for a See also:gift of 600,000 See also:golden crowns, imposed a heavy feudal " aid " on merchandise, and various other taxes, John was unable to pay more than 400,000 crowns to See also:Edward III .

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