See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN See also:

• MOWBRAY
• MOWBRAY, HARRY SIDDONS (1858– )
• MOWBRAY, ROBERT (d. 1125)

MOWBRAY  , 4th See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke (1444-1476), who had already been created See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• SURREY
• SURREY, EARLDOM OF
• SURREY, HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF (1518?-1547)

Surrey, a See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title formerly held by his ancestors, the Fitzalans, was the only son of the preceding . The names both of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John and of his See also:

• FATHER

father appear frequently in the Paston Letters, as both See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes in turn seized Caister See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle, which had been See also:

• LEFT

left by See also:

• SIR

Sir John See also:

• FASTOLF, SIR JOHN (d. 1459)

Fastolf to John Paston, and the 4th duke held it against the Pastons for some years . On his See also:

• DEATH

death in 1476 the dukedom became See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct, but the earldom passed to his daughter See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne (1472-1481), who married See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard, duke of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, the younger son of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward IV . Richard was created duke of See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk and made earl See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal, but when he was murdered in 1483 the dukedom again became extinct, the earldom having reverted to the See also:

• CROWN

crown on the death of Anne . The illustrious See also:

• FAMILY

family of See also:

• HOWARD (FAMILY)
• HOWARD, CATHERINE (d. 1542)
• HOWARD, JOHN (1726-1790)
• HOWARD, LORD WILLIAM (1563–1640)
• HOWARD, OLIVER OTIS (1830-19o9)
• HOWARD, SIR ROBERT (1626–1698)

Howard (q.v.), members of which have been dukes of Norfolk from 1483 to the See also:

• PRESENT

present Howard See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, with the exception of two periods during which See also:

• HOE (through Fr. houe from O.H.G. houwd, mod. Ger. Haue; the root is seen in " hew," to cut, cleave; the word must be distinguished from " hoe," promontory, tongue of land, seen in place names, e.g. Morthoe, Luton Hoo, the Hoe at Plymouth, &c. ; this is t
• HOE, RICHARD MARCH (1812-1886)

Hoe . the title was forfeited, was connected with the family of See also:

• MOWBRAY
• MOWBRAY, HARRY SIDDONS (1858– )
• MOWBRAY, ROBERT (d. 1125)

Mowbray . JoHN HOWARD, 1st duke of Norfolk (c . 1430-1485), was the son of Sir See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Howard by his wife See also:

• MARGARET
• MARGARET (1283–1290)
• MARGARET (1353-1412)
• MARGARET (1489–1541)
• MARGARET, ST (c. 1045–1093)
• MARGARET, ST (SANCTA MARGARITA)

Margaret, daughter of See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas Mowbray, the first duke of that family . In 1455 John Howard was sent to See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament as member for Norfolk, although he " hadde no lyvelode in the See also:

• SHIRE

shire "; in 1461 he was knighted; and in 1470, although he appears to have been a consistent Yorkist, he was created a See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

baron by See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VI . He was treasurer of the royal See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household from 1467 to 1474, and went to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France with Edward IV. in 1475 . After Edward's death, however, he supported Richard III., who created him duke of Norfolk and made him earl marshal of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in See also:

• JUNE

June 1483 . He was killed at See also:

• BOSWORTH, JOSEPH (1789–1876)

Bosworth whilst fighting for this See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king on the 22nd of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1485, and the title thus suffered See also:

• ATTAINDER (from the O. Fr. ataindre, ateindre, to attain, i.e. to strike, accuse, condemn; Lat. attingere, tangere, to touch; the meaning has been greatly affected by the confusion with Fr. taindre, teindre, to taint, stain, Lat. tingere, to dye)

attainder .

He is frequently mentioned in the Poston Letters . His son, THOMAS HOWARD, afterwards and duke (1443-1524), shared his father's fortunes; he fought at See also:

• BARNET

Barnet for Edward IV. and was made steward of the royal household and created earl of Surrey in 1483 . Taken prisoner at Bosworth he was attainted and remained in captivity until See also:

• JANUARY

January 1489, when he was released and restored to his earldom but not to the dukedom of Norfolk . He was then entrusted with the See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order in See also:

• YORKSHIRE

Yorkshire and with the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the Scottish See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders; he was made See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord treasurer and a privy councillor in 1501, and he helped to arrange the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage between Margaret, the daughter of Henry VII., and See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James IV. of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland . Henry VIII., too, employed him on public business, but the earl See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew jealous of See also:

• WOLSEY, THOMAS (c. 1475–1530)

Wolsey, and for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he absented himself from See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court . He commanded the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army which defeated the Scots at See also:

• FLODDEN, or FLODDEN FIELD

Flodden in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1513, and was created duke. of Norfolk in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February of the following See also:

• YEAR

year, with precedency as of the creation of 1483 . In his later years Norfolk worked more harmoniously with Wolsey . He was See also:

• GUARDIAN

guardian of England during Henry's See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence in France in 1520, and he acted as lord high steward at the trial of his friend Edward See also:

• STAFFORD
• STAFFORD, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Stafford, duke of See also:

• BUCKINGHAM
• BUCKINGHAM, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• BUCKINGHAM, FIRST DUKE
• BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 1ST DUKE 0E1
• BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 2ND DUKE 0E1 (1628-1687)
• BUCKINGHAM, HENRY STAFFORD, 2ND DUKE OF3 (1454-1483)
• BUCKINGHAM, JAMES SILK (1786-1855)

Buckingham, in 1521 . Among his sons were See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William, 1st Lord Howard of Effingham, and Sir Edward Howard (c . 1477-1513), lord high See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral, who defeated the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• FLEET

fleet off See also:

• BREST

Brest in August 1512, and lost his See also:

• LIFE

life during another engagement in See also:

• APRIL

April 1513 .