JOPPA  , less correctly JAFFA (Arab . Yaf(i), a seaport on the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine . It is of See also:

• GREAT

great antiquity, being mentioned in the See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute lists of Tethmosis (Thothmes) III.; but as it never was in the territory of the pre-exilic Israelites it was to them a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of no importance . Its ascription to the tribe of See also:

• DAN

Dan (Josh. xix . 46) is purely theoretical . According to the authors of See also:

• CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF

Chronicles (2 Chron. ii . 16), See also:

• EZRA (from a Hebrew word meaning " help ")
• EZRA, FOURTH BOOK (or APOCALYPSE) OF
• EZRA, THIRD BOOK OF [I Esdras]

Ezra (iii . 7) and See also:

• JONAH
• JONAH, RABBI (ABULWALID MERWAN IBN JANAH, also R. MARINUS) (c. 996-c. 1050)

Jonah (i . 3) it was a seaport for importation of the See also:

• LEBANON
• LEBANON (from Semitic laban, " to be white," or " whitish," probably referring not to snow, but to the bare white walls ofchalk or limestone which form the characteristic feature of the whole range)

Lebanon See also:

• TIMBER

timber floated down the coasts or for See also:

• SHIPS

ships plying even to distant Tarshish . About 148 B.C. it was captured from the Syrians by See also:

• JONATHAN
• JONATHAN (Heb. " Yah [weh] gives ")

Jonathan 1blaccabaeus (1 Macc. x . 75) and later it was retaken and garrisoned by See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

Simon his See also:

• BROTHER

brother (xii . 33, xiii .

' I) . It was restored to the Syrians by See also:

• POMPEY

Pompey (Jos., See also:

• ANT
• ANT (O. Eng. aemete, from Teutonic a, privative, and maitan, cut or bite off, i.e. " the biter off "; aemete in Middle English became differentiated in dialect use to (mete, then amte, and so ant, and also to emete, whence the synonym " emmet," now only u

Ant. xiv . 4, 4) but again given back to the See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews (ib. xiv . 10, 6) with an exemption from tax . St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter for a while lodged at Joppa, where he restored the benevolent widow Tabitha to See also:

• LIFE

life, and had the See also:

• VISION (from Lat. videre, to see), or SIGHT

vision which taught him the universality of the See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan of See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity . According to See also:

• STRABO (born c. 63 n.c.)

Strabo (xvi. ii.), who makes the See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange See also:

• MISTAKE (i.e. take amiss)

mistake of saying that See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem is visible from Joppa, the place was a resort of pirates . It was destroyed by See also:

• VESPASIAN

Vespasian in the Jewish See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War (68) . Tradition connects the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of See also:

• ANDROMEDA

Andromeda and the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-See also:

• MONSTER (Lat. monstrum, from root of monere, to warn; i.e. something terrible or portentous)
• MONSTER, GEORG, COUNT ZU (1776-1844)

monster with the sea-coast of Joppa, and in See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early times her chains were shown as well as the See also:

• SKELETON

skeleton of the monster itself (Jos . See also:

• WARS

Wars, iii . 9, 3) . The site seems to have been shown even to some See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval pilgrims, and curious traces of it have been detected in See also:

• MODERN

modern Moslem legends . In the 5th and 11th centuries we hear from See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to time of bishops of Joppa, under the See also:

• METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. µnrpoiroXtrns)

metropolitan of Jerusalem .

In 1126 the See also:

• DISTRICT

district was captured by the knights of St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John, but lost to See also:

• SALADIN (Arab. Sala-ud-din, " Honouring the Faith ") (1138—1193)

Saladin in 1187 . See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Cceur de See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

Lion retook it in 1191, but it was finally retaken by Malek el `Adil in 1196 . It languished for a time; in the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century it was an almost uninhabited ruin; but towards the end of the 17th century it began anew to develop as a seaport . In 1799 it was stormed by See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon; the fortifications were repaired and strengthened by the See also:

• BRITISH

British . The modern See also:

• TOWN

town of Joppa derives its importance, first, as a seaport for Jerusalem and the whole of See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern Palestine, and secondly as a centre of the See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit-growing See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry . During the latter See also:

• PART

part of the 19th century it greatly increased in See also:

• SIZE

size . The old See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city walls have been entirely removed . Its See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population is about 35,000 (Moslems 23,000, Christians 500o, Jews 7000; with the Christians are included the " See also:

• TEMPLARS

Templars," a semi-religious, semi-agricultural See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony of about 320 souls) . The town, which rises over a rounded hillock on the coast, about See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo ft. high, has a very picturesque See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance from the sea . The See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour (so-called) is one of the worst existing, being simply a natural See also:

• BREAKWATER

breakwater formed by a ledge of reefs, safe enough for small See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental See also:

• CRAFT (a word common to Teutonic languages for strength, or power; cf. Ger. Kraft)

craft, but very dangerous for large vessels, which can only make use of the seaport in See also:

• CALM

calm See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather; these never come nearer than about a mile from the See also:

• SHORE

shore . A railway and a See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad See also:

• CARRIAGE

carriage-road connect Joppa with Jerusalem . The See also:

• WATER

water of the town is derived from See also:

• WELLS
• WELLS, CHARLES JEREMIAH (1798?–1879)
• WELLS, DAVID AMES (1828—1898)
• WELLS, HERBERT GEORGE (1866— )
• WELLS, SIR THOMAS SPENCER, 1ST BART

wells, many of which have a brackish See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste .

The export See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade of the town consists of See also:

• SOAP

soap of See also:

• OLIVE (Olea europaea)

olive oil, See also:

• SESAME

sesame, See also:

• BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley, water melons, See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine and especially oranges (commonly known as Jaffa oranges), grown in the famous and ever-increasing gardens that See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north and See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of the town . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief imports are timber, See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton and other textile goods, tiles, See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron, See also:

• RICE (Greek 6p6 a, Latin oryza, French riz, Italian riso, Spanish arroz, derived from the Arabic)
• RICE, EDMUND IGNATIUS (1762-1844)
• RICE, JAMES (1843-1882)

rice, See also:

• COFFEE (Fr: cafe, Ger. Kaffee)

coffee, See also:

• SUGAR

sugar and See also:

• PETROLEUM (Lat. Petra, rock, and oleuin, oil)

petroleum . The value of the exports in 1900 was estimated at £264,950, the imports £382,405 . Over ro,000 pilgrims, chiefly Russians, and some three or four thousand tourists See also:

• LAND

land annually at Joppa . The town is the seat of a kaimakam or See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant-See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor, subordinate to the governor of Jerusalem, and contains See also:

• VICE

vice-consulates of Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, See also:

• AMERICA

America and other See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers . There are Latin, See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek, Armenian and Coptic monasteries; and hospitals and See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools under British, See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French and German auspices . (R . A . S .