JOURNAL (through Fr. from

See also:

• LATE

late

See also:

• LAT

Lat. diurnalis, daily)  , a daily record of events or business . A private journal is usually an elaborated diary . When applied to a newspaper or other periodical the word is strictly used of one published each day; but any publication issued at stated intervals, such as a magazine or the record of the transactions of a learned society, is commonly called a journal . The word " journalist " for one whose business is writing for the public press (see NEWSPAPERS) seems to be as old as the end of the 17th century . " Journal " is particularly applied to the record, day by day, of the business and proceedings of a public body . The journals of the British houses of parliament contain an official record of the business transacted day by day in either house . The record does not take note of speeches, though some of the earlier volumes contain references to them . The journals are a lengthened account written from the " votes and proceedings " (in the House of Lords called " minutes of the proceedings "), made day by day by the assistant clerks, and printed on the responsibility of the clerk to the house, after submission to the " sub-committee on the journals." In the Commons the journal is passed by the Speaker before publication . The journals of the House of Commons begin in the first year of the reign of Edward VI . (1547), and are complete, except for a short interval under Elizabeth . Those of the House of Lords date from the first year of Henry VIII . (15og) .

Before that date the proceedings in parliament were entered in the rolls of parliament, which extend from 1278 to 1503 . The journals of the Lords are " records " in the judicial sense, those of the Commons are not (see

Erskine May, Parliamentary Practice, 1906, pp . 201-202) . The term " journal " is used, in business, for a book in which an account of transactions is kept previous to a transfer to the ledger (see BOOK-KEEPING), and also as an equivalent to a ship's log, as a record of the daily run, observations, weather changes, &c . In mining, a journal is a record describing the various strata passed through in sinking a shaft . A particular use of the word is that, in machinery, for the parts of a shaft which are in contact with the bearings; the origin of this meaning, which is firmly established, has not been explained .