MAHARAJA

SIR

See also:

• JUNG, JOHANN HEINRICH (1740-1817)

JUNG BAHADUR (1816-1877)  , prime minister of Nepal, was a grand-nephew of Bhim sena Thapa (Bhim sen Thappa), the famous military minister of Nepal, who from 1804 to 1839 was de facto ruler of the state under the rani Tripuri and her successor . Bhimsena's supremacy was threatened by the Kala Pandry, and many of his relations, including Jung Bahadur, went into exile in 1838, thus escaping the cruel fate which overtook Bhimsena in the following year . The Pandry leaders, who then reverted to power, were in turn assassinated in 1843, and Matabar Singh, uncle of Jung Bahadur, was created prime minister . He appointed his nephew general and chief judge, but shortly afterwards he was himself put to death . Fateh Jung thereon formed a ministry, of which Jung Bahadur was made military member . In the following year, 1846, a quarrel was fomented, in which Fateh Jung and thirty-two other chiefs were assassinated, and the rani appointed Jung Bahadur sole minister . The rani quickly changed her mind, and planned the death of her new minister, who at once appealed to the maharaja . But the plot failed . The raja and the rani wisely sought safety in India, and Jung Bahadur firmly established his own position by the removal of all dangerous rivals . He succeeded so well that in January 1850 he was able to leave for a visit to England, from, which he did not return to Nepal until the 6th of February 1851 . On his return, and frequently on subsequent dates, he frustrated conspiracies for his assassination . The reform of the penal code, and a desultory war with Tibet, occupied his attention until news of the Indian Mutiny reached Nepal .

Jung Bahadur resisted all overtures from the rebels, and sent a

column to Gorakpur in July 1857 . In December he furnished a force of 8000 Gurkhas, which reached Lucknow' on the 1th of March 1858, and took part in the siege . The moral support of the Nepalese was more valuable even than the military services rendered by them . Jung Bahadur was made a G.C.B., and a tract of country annexed in 1815 was restored to Nepal . Various frontier disputes were settled, and in 1875 Sir Jung Bahadur was on his way to England when he had a fall from his horse in Bombay and returned home . He received a visit from the Prince of Wales in 1876 . On the 25th of February 1877 he died, having reached the age of sixty-one . Three of his widows immolated themselves on his funeral pyre . (W . L.-W.) JUNG-BUNZLAU (Czech, Mladd Boleslav), a town of Bohemia, 44 M . N.N.E. of Prague by rail . Pop .

(1900), 13,479, mostly Czech . The town contains several old buildings of

historical interest, notably the castle, built towards the end of the roth century, and now used as barracks . There are several old churches . In that of St Maria the celebrated bishop of the Bohemian brethren, Johann August, was buried in 1595; but his tomb was destroyed in 1621 . The church of St Bonaventura with the convent, originally belonging to the friars minor and later to the Bohemian brethren, is now a Piaristic college . The church of St Wenceslaus, once a convent of the brotherhood, is now used for military stores . Jung-Bunzlau was built in 995, under Boleslaus II., as the seat of a gaugraf or royal count . Early in the 13th century it was given the privileges of a town and pledged to the lords of Michalovic . In the Hussite wars Jung-Bunzlau adhered to the Taborites and became later the metropolis of the Bohemian Brethren . In 1595 Bohuslav of Lobkovic sold his rights as over-lord to the town, which was made a royal city by Rudolf II . During the Thirty Years' War it was twice burned, in 1631 by the imperialists, and in 1640 by the Swedes .