FRANZ

See also:

• JUNIUS
• FRANZ JUNIUS (in French, Francois du Jon)

JUNIUS (in

See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French,

See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

Francois du Jon)  , the name of two Huguenot scholars . (I) FRANZ JUNIUS (1545-1602) was born at Bourges in France on the 1st of May 1545 . He had studied law for two years under Hugo Donellus (1527–1591) when he was given a place in the retinue of the French ambassador to Constantinople, but before he reached Lyons the ambassador had departed . Junius found ample consolation in the opportunities for study at the gymnasium at Lyons . A religious tumult warned him back to Bourges, where he was cured of certain rationalistic principles that he had imbibed at Lyons, and he determined to enter the reformed church . He went in 1562 to study at Geneva, where he was reduced to the direst poverty by the failure of remittances from home, owing to civil war in France . He would accept only the barest sustenance from a humble friend who had himself been a protege of Junius's family at Bourges, and his health was permanently injured . The long-expected remittance from home was closely followed by the news of the brutal murder of his father by a Catholic fanatic at Issoudun; and Junius resolved to remain at Geneva, where his reputation enabled him to live by teaching . In 1565, however, he was appointed minister of the Walloon church at Antwerp . His foreign birth excluded him from the privileges of the native reformed pastors, and exposed him to persecution . Several times he barely escaped arrest, and finally, after spending six months in preaching at Limburg, he was forced to retire to Heidelberg in 1567 . There he was welcomed by the elector Frederick II., and temporarily settled in charge of the Walloon church at Schonau; but in 1568 his patron sent him as chaplain with Prince William of Orange in his unfortunate expedition to the Netherlands .

Junius escaped as soon as he could from that

post, and returning to his church remained there till 1573 . From 1573 till 1578 he was at Heidelberg, assisting Emmanuel Tremellius (1510-1580), whose daughter he married, in his Latin version of the Old Testament (Frankfort, 1579); in 1581 he was appointed to the chair of divinity at Heidelberg . Thence he was taken to France by the duke of Bouillon, and after an interview with Henry IV. was sent again to Germany on a mission . As he was returning to France he was named professor of theology at Leiden, where he died on the 13th of October 1602.and composed many exegetical works . He is best known from his own edition of the Latin Old Testament, slightly altered from the former joint edition, and with a version of the New Testament added (Geneva, 1590; Hanover, 1624) . The Opera Theologira Francisci Junii Biturigis were published at Geneva (2 vols., 1613), to which is prefixed his autobiography, written about 1592 (new ed., edited by Abraham Kuypers,1882 seq.) . The autobiography had been published at Leiden (1595), and is reprinted in the Miscellanea Groningana, vol. i., along with a list of the author's other writings . (2) FRANZ JUNIUS (1589–1677), son of the above, was born at Heidelberg, and brought up at Leiden . His attention was diverted from military to theological studies by the peace of 1609 between Spain and the Netherlands . In 1617 he became pastor at Hillegondsberg, but in 162o went to England, where he became librarian to Thomas Howard, earl of Arundel, and tutor to his son . He remained in England thirty years, devoting himself to the study of Anglo-Saxon, and afterwards of the cognate old Teutonic languages . His work, intrinsically valuable, is important as having aroused interest in a frequently neglected subject .

In 1651 he returned to

Holland; and for two years lived in Friesland in order to study the old dialect . In 1675 he returned to England, and during the next year resided in Oxford; in 1677 he went to live at Windsor with his nephew, Isaac Vossius, in whose house he died on the 19th of November 1677 . He was buried at Windsor in St George's Chapel . He was pre-eminently a student . He published De picture veterum (1637) (in English by the author, 1638; enlarged and improved edition, edited by J . G . Graevius, who prefixed a life of Junius, with a catalogue of architects, painters, &c., and their works, Rotterdam, 1694) ; Observationes in Willerami Abbatis francicam paraphrasin cantici canticorum (Amsterdam, 1655); Annotationes in harmoniam latino-francicam quatuor evangelistarum, latine a Tatiano confectam (Amsterdam, 1655) ; Caedmonis monachi paraphrasis poetica geneseos (Amsterdam, 1655) (see criticism under CAEDMON) ; Quatuor D.N.I.C. evangeliorum versiones perantiquae duae, gothica scilicet et anglo-saxonica (Dort, a vols., 1665) (the Gothic version in this book Junius transcribed from the Silver Codex of Ulfilas; the Anglo-Saxon version is from an edition by Thomas Marshall, whose notes to both versions are given, and a Gothic glossary by Junius) ; Etymologicum anglicanum, edited by Edward Lye, and preceded by a life of Junius and George Hickes's Anglo-Saxon grammar (Oxford, 1743) (its results require careful verification in the light of modern research) . His rich collection of ancient MSS., edited and annotated by him, Junius bequeathed to the university of Oxford . Graevius gives a Iist of them; the most important are a version of the Ormulum, the version of Caedmon, and 9 volumes containing Glossarium v. linguarum septentrionalium .