See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

JUSTICE (See also:

• LAT

Lat. justitia)  , a See also:

• TERM

term used both in the abstract, for the quality of being or doing what is just, i.e. right in See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law and See also:

• EQUITY (Lat. aequitas)

equity, and in the See also:

• CONCRETE
• CONCRETE (Lat. concretes, participle of concrescere, to grow together)

concrete for an officer deputed by the See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign to administer See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice, and do right by way of See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment . It has See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long been the See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of the See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges of two of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior courts of See also:

• COMMON

common law, and it is now extended to 1 Where a See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council See also:

• DESIRE

desire the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of a stipendiary See also:

• MAGISTRATE (Lat. magistratus, from magister, master, properly a public office, hence the person holding such an office)

magistrate they may See also:

• PRESENT

present a See also:

• PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

petition for the same to the secretary of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state and it is thereupon lawful for the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king to appoint to that See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office a See also:

• BARRISTER

barrister of seven years' See also:

• STANDING

standing . He is by virtue of his office a justice for the borough, and receives a yearly See also:

• SALARY

salary, payable in four equal quarterly instalments . On a vacancy, application must again be made as for a first appointment . There may be more than one stipendiary magistrate for a borough _ - The chairman of a See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county council is ex officio a justice of the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace for the county, and the chairman of an See also:

• URBAN
• URBAN (Urbanus)

urban or rural See also:

• DISTRICT

district council for the county in which the district is situated . Justices cannot See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act beyond the limits of the See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction for which they are appointed, and the See also:

• WARRANT (Med. Lat. warantum; O. Fr. garant, warant, derived from O.H.G. root represented in modern German bygewdhren)

warrant of a justice cannot be executed out of his jurisdiction unless it be backed, that is, endorsed by a justice of the jurisdiction in which it is to be carried into See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution . A justice improperly refusing to act on his office, or acting partially and corruptly, may be proceeded against by a criminal See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information, and a justice refusing to act may be compelled to do so by the High See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

Court of Justice . An See also:

• ACTION

action will See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie against a justice for any act done by him in excess of his jurisdiction, and for any act within his jurisdiction which has been done wrongfully and with malice, and without See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason-able or probable cause . But no action can be brought against a justice for a wrongful conviction until it has been quashed . By the Justices' Qualification Act 1744, every justice for a county was required to have an See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate of See also:

• FREEHOLD

freehold, See also:

• COPYHOLD

copyhold, or customary See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure in See also:

• FEE

fee, for See also:

• LIFE

life or a given term, of the yearly value of roo . By an act of 1875 the occupation of a See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house rated at roo was made a qualification . No such qualifications were ever required for a borough justice, and it was not until 1906 that county justices were put on the same footing in this respect .

The Justices of the Peace Act 1go6 did away with all qualification by estate . It also removed the See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity for See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence within the county, permitting the same residential qualification as for borough justices, " within seven See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles thereof." The same act removed the disqualification of solicitors to be county justices and assimilated to the existing See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power to remove other justices from the See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission of the peace the power to exclude ex officio justices . The justices for every See also:

• PETTY, SIR WILLIAM (1623-1687)

petty sessional See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of a county or for a borough having a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate commission of the peace must appoint a See also:

• FIT

fit See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person to be their salaried clerk . He must be either a barrister of not less than fourteen years' standing, or a See also:

• SOLICITOR

solicitor of the supreme court, or have served for not less than seven years as a clerk to a See also:

• POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police or stipendiary magistrate or to a See also:

• METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. µnrpoiroXtrns)

metropolitan police court . An See also:

• ALDERMAN (from A.-S. ealdorman, compounded of the comparative degree of the adjective eald, old, and man)

alderman or councillor of a borough must not be appointed as clerk, nor can a clerk of the peace for the borough or for the county in which the borough is situated be appointed . A borough clerk is not allowed to prosecute . The salary of a justice's clerk comes, in See also:

• LONDON

London, out of the police fund; in counties out of the county fund; in county boroughs out of the borough fund, and in other boroughs out of the county fund . The vast and multifarious duties of the justices See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover some portion of every important See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the criminal law, and extend to a considerable number of matters See also:

• RELATING

relating to the See also:

• CIVIL

civil law . In the See also:

• UNITED

United States these See also:

• OFFICERS

officers are sometimes appointed by the executive, sometimes elected . In some states, justices of the peace have jurisdiction in civil cases given to them by See also:

• LOCAL

local regulations .