KARL See also:

• FRIEDRICH, JOHANN (1836— )

FRIEDRICH See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

AUGUST See also:

• KARL FRIEDRICH AUGUST KAHNIS (1814-1888)

KAHNIS (1814-1888)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German Lutheran theologian, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• GREIZ

Greiz on the 22nd of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1814 . He studied at See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

Halle, and in r85o was appointed See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor ordinarius at See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig . Ten years later he was made See also:

• CANON

canon of See also:

• MEISSEN

Meissen . He retired in 1886, and died on the loth of See also:

• JUNE

June 1888 at Leipzig . See also:

• KAHNIS, KARL FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1814-1888)

Kahnis was at first a neo-Lutheran, blessed by E . W . See also:

• HENGSTENBERG, ERNST WILHELM (1802-r869)

Hengstenberg and his pietistic See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends . He then attached himself to the Old Lutheran party, interpreting Lutheranism in a broad and liberal spirit and showing some appreciation of See also:

• RATIONALISM (from Lat. rationalis, pertaining to reason, ratio)

rationalism . His Lutherische Dogmatik, historischgenetisch dargestellt (3 vols., 1861-1868; 2nd ed. in 2 vols., 1894-1875), by making concessions to See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism, by spiritualizing and adapting the old dogmas, by attacking the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of an infallible canon of Scripture and the conventional theory of See also:

• INSPIRATION (Lat. inspirare, breathe upon or into)

inspiration, by laying stress on the human See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side' of Scripture and insisting on the progressive See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of See also:

• REVELATION, BOOK OF

revelation, brought him into conflict with his former friends . A . W . Diekhoff, See also:

• FRANZ, ROBERT (1815-1892)

Franz See also:

• DELITZSCH
• DELITZSCH, FRANZ (1813–1890)

Delitzsch (See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

Fur and wider Kahnis, 1863) and Hengstenberg (Evangelische Kirchenzeitung, 1862) protested loudly against the See also:

• HERESY

heresy, and Kahnis replied to Hengstenberg in a vigorous pamphlet, Zeugniss fur See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die Grundwahrheiten See also:

• DES

des Protestantismus gegen Dr Hengstenberg (1862) ..

Other See also:

• WORKS

works by Kahnis are Lehre vom Abendmahl (1851), Der innere Gang des deutschen Protestantismus seit Matte des vorigen Jahrhunderts (1854; 3rd ed. in 2 vols., 1874; Eng. trans., 1856) ; Christentum and Luthertum 0870; Geschichte der deutschen See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation, vol. i . (1872) ; Der Gang der Kirche in Lebensbildern (1881, &c.) ; and Ober des Verhaltnis der See also:

• ALTEN, SIR CHARLES [Karl] (1764–1840)

alten Philosophie zum Christentum (1884) . K'AI-FENG FU, the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Honan, See also:

• CHINA

China . It is situated in 34° 52' N., 114° 33' E., on a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch See also:

• LINE

line of the See also:

• PEKING, or PEKIN

Peking-See also:

• HANKOW (" Mouth of the Han ")

Hankow railway, and forms also the See also:

• DISTRICT

district See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of Siang-fu . A city on the See also:

• PRESENT

present site was first built by See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

Duke Chwang (774-700 B.C.) to See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark off (k'ai) the boundary of'his See also:

• FIEF

fief (eng); hence its name . It has, however, passed under several aliases in See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese See also:

• HISTORY

history . During the Chow, Suy and T'ang dynasties (557-907) it was known as P'ien-chow . During the Wu-tai, or five dynasties (907-960), it was the Tung-See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, or eastern capital . Under the Sung and See also:

• KIN (0. E. cyn, a word represented in nearly all Teutonic languages, cf. Du. kunne, Dan. and Swed. kon, Goth kuni, tribe; the Teutonic base is kunya; the equivalent Aryan root gan- to beget, produce, is seen in Gr. 'yEvos, Lat. genus, cf. "kind")

Kin dynasties (96o-r26o) it was called P'ien-king . By the Yuan or Mongol See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty (1260-1368) its name was again changed to P'ien-liang, and on the return of the Chinese to See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power with the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), its See also:

• ORIGINAL

original name was restored . The city is situated at the point where the last See also:

• SPUR (A.S. spura, spora, related to spornan, spurnan, to kick, spurn; cf. M.H.G. sporn, mod. Ger. Sporn)

spur of the Kuen-lun See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain See also:

• SYSTEM

system merges in the eastern See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain, and a few See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of the Hwang-ho . Its position, therefore, See also:

• LAYS

lays it open to the destructive influences of this See also:

• RIVER

river .

In 1642 it. was totally destroyed by a See also:

• FLOOD (in O. Eng. flod, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Flut, Dutch vloed, from the same root as is seen in " flow," " float ")
• FLOOD, HENRY (1732-1791)

flood caused by the dikes bursting, and on several See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

prior and subsequent occasions it has suffered injury from the same Cause . The city is large and imposing, with broad -streets and handsome buildings, the most notable of which are a twelve-storeyed See also:

• PAGODA (Port. pagode, a word introduced in the 16th century by the early Portuguese adventurers in India, reproducing phonetically some native word, possibly Pers. but-kadah, a house for an idol, or some form of Sansk. bhagavat, divine, holy)

pagoda 600 ft. high, and a See also:

• WATCH (in O. Eng. wcecce, a keeping guard or watching, from wacian, to guard, watch, wacan, to wake)

watch See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower from which, at a height of 200 ft., the inhabitants are able to observe the approach of the yellow See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters of the river in times of flood . The city See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall forms a substantial See also:

• PROTECTION

protection and is pierced by five See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates . The whole See also:

• NEIGHBOUR (O. Eng. neahgebiir, from Walt, " nigh," " near ")

neighbour-See also:

• HOOD,
• HOOD, JOHN BELL (1831–1879)
• HOOD, SAMUEL HOOD, VISCOUNT (1724–1816)
• HOOD, SIR SAMUEL (1762-1814)
• HOOD, THOMAS (1799-1845)
• HOOD, TOM (1835–1874)

hood, which is the site of one of the earliest settlements of the Chinese in China, is full of See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical associations, and it was in this city that the See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews who entered China in A.D . 1163 first established a See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony . For many centuries these See also:

• PEOPLE

people held themselves aloof from the natives, and practised the See also:

• RITES

rites of their See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion in a See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple built and supported by themselves . At last, however, they See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell upon evil times, and in 1851, out of the seventy families which constituted the original colony, only seven remained . For fifty years no See also:

• RABBI

rabbi had ministered to the wants of this remnant . In 1853 the city was attacked by the T'ai-p'See also:

• ING

ing rebels, and, though at the first See also:

• ASSAULT (from Lat. ad, to or on, and saltare, to leap)

assault its defenders successfully resisted the enemy, it was subsequently taken . The captors looted and partially destroyed the See also:

• TOWN

town . It has now little See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce, but contains several See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools on Western lines—including a See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college opened in 1902, and a military school near the railway station . A See also:

• MINT
• MINT (Lat. moneta; Mid. Eng. mynt)

mint was established in 1905, and there is a district branch of the imperial See also:

• POST

post .

The See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population—largely Mahommedanwas estimated (1908) at 200,000 . Jews numbered about 400 .