KALOCSA  , a

town of Hungary, in the county of Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kis-Kun, 88 m . S. of Budapest by rail . Pop . (1900), 11,372 . It is situated in a marshy but highly productive district, near the left bank of the Danube, and was once of far greater importance than at present . Kalocsa is the see of one of the four Roman Catholic archbishops in Hungary . Amongst its buildings are a fine cathedral, the archiepiscopal palace, an astronomical observatory, a seminary for priests, and colleges for training of male and female teachers . The inhabitants of Kalocsa and its wide-spreading communal lands are chiefly employed in the cultivation of the vine, fruit, flax, hemp and cereals, in the capture of water-fowl and in fishing . Kalocsa is one of the oldest towns in Hungary . The present arch-bishopric, founded about 1135, is a development of a bishopric said to have been founded in the year l000 by King Stephen the Saint . It suffered much during the 16th century from the hordes of Ottomans who then ravaged the country . A large part of the town was destroyed by a fire in 1875 .