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KAMENETS PODOLSKIY, or PODOLIAN KAMENETS ( See also: town of S.-W
.
See also: Russia, chief town of the See also: government of See also: Podolia
.
It stands in 48° 40' N. and 26° 30' E., on a high, rocky See also: bluff of the See also: river Smotrich, a See also: left .See also: hand tributary of the Dniester, and near the See also: Austrian frontier
.
Pop
.
(1863), 20,699; (1900) 39,113, of whom 50% were Jews and 30% Poles
.
Round the town lies a cluster of suburban villages, See also: Polish Folwark, See also: Russian Folwark, Zinkovtsui, Karvasarui, &c.; and on the opposite See also: side of the river, accessible by a wooden See also: bridge, stands the See also: castle which long frowned See also: defiance across the Dniester to Khotin in See also: Bessarabia
.
Kamenets is the see of a See also: Roman Catholic and a See also: Greek Orthodox See also: bishop
.
The Roman Catholic See also: cathedral of St See also: Peter and St See also: Paul, built in 1361, is distinguished by a minaret, recalling the See also: time when it was used as a mosque by the See also: Turks (r672-1699)
.
The Greek cathedral of See also: John the Baptist
See also: dates from the 16th century, but up to 1798 belonged to the Basilian monastery
.
Other buildings are the Orthodox Greek monastery of the Trinity, and the Catholic Armenian See also: church (founded in 1398), possessing a 14th-century
See also: missal and an image of the Virgin Mary that saw the Mongol invasion of 1239
1242
.
The town contains Orthodox Greek and Roman Catholic seminaries, Jewish colleges, and an archaeological museum for church antiquities, founded in 189o
.
Kamenets was laid waste by the Mongol See also: leader See also: Batu in 1240
.
In 1434 it was made the chief town of the province of Podolia . In the 15th and 16th centuries it suffered frequently from the invasions of Tatars, Moldavians and Turks; and in 1672 theSee also: hetman of the Cossacks, Doroshenko, assisted by Sultan Mahommed IV. of See also: Turkey, made himself master of the place
.
Restored to Poland by the See also: peace of Karlowitz (1699), it passed with Podolia to Russia in 1795
.
Here the Turks were defeated by the Poles in 1633, and here twenty years later peace was concluded between the same antagonists
.
The fortifications were demolished in 1813
.
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