KAMENETS PODOLSKIY, or PODOLIAN KAMENETS (See also:

• POLISH

Polish Kamieniec)  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of S.-W . See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief town of the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of See also:

• PODOLIA

Podolia . It stands in 48° 40' N. and 26° 30' E., on a high, rocky See also:

• BLUFF (a word of uncertain origin; possibly connected with an obsolete Dutch word, blaf, broad)

bluff of the See also:

• RIVER

river Smotrich, a See also:

• LEFT

left .See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand tributary of the See also:

• DNIESTER (Tyras and Danaster or Danastris of classical authors, Nistrul of the Rumanians, and Turla of the Turks)

Dniester, and near the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian frontier . Pop . (1863), 20,699; (1900) 39,113, of whom 50% were See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews and 30% Poles . See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

Round the town lies a cluster of suburban villages, See also:

• POLISH

Polish Folwark, See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian Folwark, Zinkovtsui, Karvasarui, &c.; and on the opposite See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the river, accessible by a wooden See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge, stands the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle which See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long frowned See also:

• DEFIANCE

defiance across the Dniester to See also:

• KHOTIN, or KHOTEEN (variously written Khochim, Choczim, and Chocim)

Khotin in See also:

• BESSARABIA

Bessarabia . Kamenets is the see of a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic and a See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek Orthodox See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop . The Roman Catholic See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter and St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul, built in 1361, is distinguished by a See also:

• MINARET (from the Arabic mandrat ; manar or miner is Arabic for a lighthouse, a tower on which liar, fire, is lit)

minaret, recalling the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time when it was used as a See also:

• MOSQUE (through Fr. mosquie; Span. mezquila, from Arab. masjid, sajada, to adore)

mosque by the See also:

• TURKS

Turks (r672-1699) . The Greek cathedral of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John the Baptist See also:

• DATES

dates from the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, but up to 1798 belonged to the Basilian monastery . Other buildings are the Orthodox Greek monastery of the Trinity, and the Catholic Armenian See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church (founded in 1398), possessing a 14th-century See also:

• MISSAL

missal and an See also:

• IMAGE (Lat. imago, perhaps from the same root as imitari, copy, imitate)

image of the Virgin See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary that saw the Mongol invasion of 1239 1242 . The town contains Orthodox Greek and Roman Catholic seminaries, Jewish colleges, and an archaeological museum for church antiquities, founded in 189o . Kamenets was laid See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste by the Mongol See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader See also:

• BATU

Batu in 1240 .

In 1434 it was made the chief town of the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Podolia . In the 15th and 16th centuries it suffered frequently from the invasions of See also:

• TATARS (the common form Tartars is less correct)

Tatars, Moldavians and Turks; and in 1672 the See also:

• HETMAN

hetman of the See also:

• COSSACKS (Russ. Kazak; plural, Kazaki, from the Turki quzzaq, " adventurer, free-hooter ")

Cossacks, Doroshenko, assisted by See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

Sultan Mahommed IV. of See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey, made himself See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . Restored to See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland by the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• KARLOWITZ, or CARLOWITZ (Hungarian, Karloeza; Croatian, Karlovci)

Karlowitz (1699), it passed with Podolia to Russia in 1795 . Here the Turks were defeated by the Poles in 1633, and here twenty years later peace was concluded between the same antagonists . The fortifications were demolished in 1813 .