KATAGUM  , the sub-See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of the See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double province of See also:

• KANO

Kano in the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• PROTECTORATE

protectorate of See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern See also:

• NIGERIA

Nigeria . It lies approximately between r° and 13° N. and 8° 20' and ro° 40' E . It is bounded N. by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• SUDAN (Arabic Bilad-es-Sudan, country of the blacks)

Sudan, E. by See also:

• BORNU

Bornu, S. by See also:

• BAUCHI

Bauchi, and W. by Kano . Katagum consists of several small but See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan emirates—Katagum, Messau, Gummel, Hadeija, Machena, with a fringe of Bedde pagans on its eastern frontier towards Bornu, and other pagans on the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south towards Bauchi . The Waube flows from Kano through the province via Hadeija and by Damjiri in Bornu to See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake See also:

• CHAD
• CHAD [CEADDA], SAINT (d. 672)

Chad, affording a route for the transport of goods brought by the Zungeru-See also:

• ZARIA

Zaria-Kano railway to the headquarters of Katagum and western Bornu . Katagum is a fertile province inhabited by an industrious See also:

• PEOPLE

people whose manufactures See also:

• RIVAL

rival those of Kano . In ancient times the province of Katagum formed the debate-able See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country between Bornu and the See also:

• HAUSA

Hausa states . Though Mahommedan it resisted the See also:

• FULA (FULBE, FELLATAH or PEULS)

Fula invasion . Its northern emirates were for a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time subject to Bornu, and its customs are nearly assimilated to those of Bornu . The province was taken under administrative See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control by the British in See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1903 . In 1904 the capitals of Gummel, Hadeija, Messau and Jemaari, were brought into See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch with the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration and native and provincial courts established . At the beginning of 1905 Katagum was incorporated as a sub-province with the province of Kano, and the administrative organization of a double province was extended over the whole .

Hadeija, which is a very wealthy See also:

• TOWN

town and holds an important position both as a source of supplies and a centre of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, received a See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison of mounted See also:

• INFANTRY

infantry and became the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the sub-province . Hadeija was an old Habe town and its name, an evident corruption of Khadija, the name of the celebrated wife and first convert of See also:

• MAHOMET (strictly MUHAMMAD, commonly also MOHAMMED)

Mahomet, is a strong presumption of the incorrectness of the Fula claim to have introduced See also:

• ISLAM

Islam to its inhabitants . The ruling See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty of Hadeija was, however, overthrown by Fula usurpation towards the end of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and the Fula ruler received a See also:

• FLAG (or " FLAGGE," a common Teutonic word in this sense, but apparently first recorded in English)

flag and a blessing from See also:

• DAN

Dan Fodio at the beginning of his sacred See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war in the opening years of the 19th century . Nevertheless the See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit of See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence being strong in the town of Hadeija the little emirate held its own against See also:

• SOKOTO

Sokoto, Bornu and all comers . Though included nominally within the province at Katagum it was the boast of Hadeija that it had never been conquered . It had made nominal submission to the British in 1903 on the successful conclusion of the Kano-Sokoto See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign, and in 1905, as has been stated, was chosen as the capital of the sub-province . The emir's attitude became, however, in the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1906 openly antagonistic to the British and a military expedition was sent against him . The emir with his disaffected chiefs made a plucky stand but after five See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours' See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

street fighting the town was reduced . The emir and three of his sons were killed, and a new emir, the rightful See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir to the See also:

• THRONE

throne, who had shown himself in favour of a peaceful policy, was appointed . The offices of the war chiefs in Hadeija were abolished and 150 yards of the town See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall were broken down . Slave dealing is at an end in Katagum . The military station at Hadeija forms a See also:

• LINK

link in the See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain of British forts which extends along the northern frontier of the protectorate .

(See NIGERIA.) (F . L .