KATAGUM  , the sub-

province of the double province of Kano in the British protectorate of Northern Nigeria . It lies approximately between r° and 13° N. and 8° 20' and ro° 40' E . It is bounded N. by the French Sudan, E. by Bornu, S. by Bauchi, and W. by Kano . Katagum consists of several small but ancient Mahommedan emirates—Katagum, Messau, Gummel, Hadeija, Machena, with a fringe of Bedde pagans on its eastern frontier towards Bornu, and other pagans on the south towards Bauchi . The Waube flows from Kano through the province via Hadeija and by Damjiri in Bornu to Lake Chad, affording a route for the transport of goods brought by the Zungeru-Zaria-Kano railway to the headquarters of Katagum and western Bornu . Katagum is a fertile province inhabited by an industrious people whose manufactures rival those of Kano . In ancient times the province of Katagum formed the debate-able country between Bornu and the Hausa states . Though Mahommedan it resisted the Fula invasion . Its northern emirates were for a long time subject to Bornu, and its customs are nearly assimilated to those of Bornu . The province was taken under administrative control by the British in October 1903 . In 1904 the capitals of Gummel, Hadeija, Messau and Jemaari, were brought into touch with the administration and native and provincial courts established . At the beginning of 1905 Katagum was incorporated as a sub-province with the province of Kano, and the administrative organization of a double province was extended over the whole .

Hadeija, which is a very wealthy

town and holds an important position both as a source of supplies and a centre of trade, received a garrison of mounted infantry and became the capital of the sub-province . Hadeija was an old Habe town and its name, an evident corruption of Khadija, the name of the celebrated wife and first convert of Mahomet, is a strong presumption of the incorrectness of the Fula claim to have introduced Islam to its inhabitants . The ruling dynasty of Hadeija was, however, overthrown by Fula usurpation towards the end of the 18th century, and the Fula ruler received a flag and a blessing from Dan Fodio at the beginning of his sacred war in the opening years of the 19th century . Nevertheless the habit of independence being strong in the town of Hadeija the little emirate held its own against Sokoto, Bornu and all comers . Though included nominally within the province at Katagum it was the boast of Hadeija that it had never been conquered . It had made nominal submission to the British in 1903 on the successful conclusion of the Kano-Sokoto campaign, and in 1905, as has been stated, was chosen as the capital of the sub-province . The emir's attitude became, however, in the spring of 1906 openly antagonistic to the British and a military expedition was sent against him . The emir with his disaffected chiefs made a plucky stand but after five hours' street fighting the town was reduced . The emir and three of his sons were killed, and a new emir, the rightful heir to the throne, who had shown himself in favour of a peaceful policy, was appointed . The offices of the war chiefs in Hadeija were abolished and 150 yards of the town wall were broken down . Slave dealing is at an end in Katagum . The military station at Hadeija forms a link in the chain of British forts which extends along the northern frontier of the protectorate .

(See NIGERIA.) (F . L .