KEELING ISLANDS (often called Cocos and Cocos-KEELING ISLANDS)  , a See also:

• GROUP

group of See also:

• CORAL

coral islands in the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian Ocean, between 12° 4' and See also:

• F2(X2+Y2)

F2° 13' S., and 96° W–57' E., but including a smaller See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island in 11° 50' N. and 96° 50' E . The group furnished See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• DARWIN, CHARLES ROBERT (1809-1882)
• DARWIN, ERASMUS (1731-1802)

Darwin with the typical example of an See also:

• ATOLL (native name atollon in the Maldive Islands)

atoll or See also:

• LAGOON (Fr. lagune, Lat. lacuna, a pool)

lagoon island . There are altogether twenty-three small islands, 91 M. being the greatest width of the whole atoll . The lagoon is very shallow and the passages between many of the islands are fordable on See also:

• FOOT

foot . An opening on the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the See also:

• REEF (1)

reef permits the entrance of vessels into the northern See also:

• PART

part of the lagoon, which forms a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour known as See also:

• PORT

Port See also:

• REFUGE

Refuge or Port See also:

• ALBION
• ALBION (in Ptolemy 'A)wviw; Lat. Albion, Pliny 4.16[301,102)

Albion . The coco-See also:

• NUT
• NUT (0. Eng. knutu, cf. Dutch noot, Ger. Nuss; allied with Gael. cno; it is not of the same form as Lat. nux)

nut (as the name Cocos Islands indicates) is the characteristic product and is cultivated on all the islands . The See also:

• FLORA

flora is scanty in See also:

• SPECIES

species . One of the commonest living creatures is a monstrous crab which lives on the coco-nuts; and in some places also there are See also:

• GREAT

great colonies of the See also:

• POMEGRANATE

pomegranate crab . The group was visited by Dr H . O . See also:

• FORBES
• FORBES, ALEXANDER PENROSE (1817-1875)
• FORBES, ARCHIBALD (1838-1900)
• FORBES, DAVID (1828--1876)
• FORBES, DUNCAN
• FORBES, EDWARD (1815—1854)
• FORBES, JAMES DAVID (1809—1868)
• FORBES, SIR JOHN (1787—1861)

Forbes in 1878, and later, at the expense of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• MURRAY
• MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
• MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
• MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
• MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
• MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
• MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
• MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
• MURRAY, JOHN
• MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
• MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
• MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
• MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
• MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )

Murray, by Dr Guppy, Mr See also:

• RIDLEY, NICHOLAS (c. 1500-1555)

Ridley and Dr See also:

• ANDREWS, JAMES PETTIT (c. 1737–1797)
• ANDREWS, THOMAS (1813–1885)

Andrews . The See also:

• OBJECT

object of their visits was the investigation of the See also:

• FAUNA

fauna and flora of the atoll, more especially of the formation of the coralreefs .

Dr Guppy was fortunate in reaching See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North Keeling Island, where a landing is only possible during the calmest See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather . The island he found to be about a mile See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, with a shallow enclosed lagoon, less than 3 ft. deep at See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low See also:

• WATER

water, with a single opening on its See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east or weather side . A dense vegetation of See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron-See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood (Cordia) and other trees and shrubs, together with a See also:

• FOREST

forest of coco-nut palms, covers its See also:

• SURFACE

surface . It is tenanted by myriads of See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-See also:

• FOWL (Dan. Fugl, Ger. Vogel)

fowl, See also:

• FRIGATE

frigate-birds, boobies, and terns (Gygis candida), which find here an excellent nesting-See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, for the island is uninhabited, and is visited only once or twice a See also:

• YEAR

year . The excrement from this large See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony has changed the carbonate of See also:

• LIME
• LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

lime in the See also:

• SOIL

soil and the coral nodules on the surface into See also:

• PHOSPHATES

phosphates, to the extent in some cases of 6o-7o%, thus forming a valuable See also:

• DEPOSIT (Lat. depositurn, from deponere, to lay down, to put in the care of)

deposit, beneficial to the vegetation of the island itself and promising commercial value . The lagoon is slowly filling up and becoming cultivable See also:

• LAND

land, but the See also:

• RATE

rate of recovery from the sea has been specially marked since the eruption of See also:

• KRAKATOA (KRAKATAO, KRAKATAU)

Krakatoa, the See also:

• PUMICE (Lat. purnex, spumex, spuma, froth)

pumice from which was washed on to it in enormous quantity, so that the lagoon advanced its shores from 20 to 30 yards . Forbes's and Guppy's investigations go to show that, contrary to Darwin's belief, there is no See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of upheaval or of subsidence in either of the Keeling See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups . The atoll has an exceedingly healthy See also:

• CLIMATE

climate, and might well be used as a See also:

• SANATORIUM (a modern Latinism, formed from sanare, to cure, restore to health, sanus, whole, healthy, well; often wrongly spelled sanatarium or sanitarium)

sanatorium for phthisical patients, the temperature never reaching extremes . The highest See also:

• ANNUAL

annual See also:

• READING

reading of the thermometer hardly ever exceeds 89° F. or falls beneath 700 . The mean temperature for the year is 78.5° F., and as the rainfall rarely exceeds 40 in. the See also:

• ATMOSPHERE (Gr. fir µ6r, vapour; orkaipa, a sphere)

atmosphere never becomes unpleasantly moist . The See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-east See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade blows almost ceaselessly for ten months of the year . Terrific storms sometimes break over the island; and it has been more than once visited by earthquakes .

A profitable trade is done in coco-nuts, but there are few other exports . The imports are almost entirely foodstuffs and other necessaries for the inhabitants, who See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a patriarchal colony under a private proprietor . The islands were discovered in 1609 by See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Keeling on his voyage from See also:

• BATAVIA

Batavia to the Cape . In 1823 See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander See also:

• HARE
• HARE, SIR JOHN (1844– )

Hare, an See also:

• ENGLISH

English adventurer, settled on the southernmost island with a number of slaves . Some two or three years after, a Scotchman, J . See also:

• ROSS
• ROSS, ALEXANDER (1699-1784)
• ROSS, GEORGE WILLIAM (1841- )
• ROSS, JOHN, or KOOESKOOWE (179o-1866)
• ROSS, ROBERT (1766-1814)
• ROSS, SIR HEW DALRYMPLE (1779-1868)
• ROSS, SIR JAMES CLARK (1800-1862)
• ROSS, SIR JOHN (1777-1856)

Ross, who had commanded a brig during the English occupation of See also:

• JAVA

Java, settled with his See also:

• FAMILY

family (who continued in the ownership) on Direction Island, and his little colony was soon strengthened by Hare's runaway slaves . The Dutch See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

Government had in an informal way claimed the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the islands since 1829; but they refused to allow Ross to hoist the Dutch See also:

• FLAG (or " FLAGGE," a common Teutonic word in this sense, but apparently first recorded in English)

flag, and accordingly the group was taken under See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• PROTECTION

protection in 1856 . In 1878 it was attached to the government of See also:

• CEYLON

Ceylon, and in 1882 placed under the authority of the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of the Straits Settlements . The ownership and superintendency continued in the Ross family, of whom See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George Clunies Ross died in 1910, and was succeeded by his son See also:

• SYDNEY

Sydney . See C . Darwin, See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of the Voyage of the" Beagle," and See also:

• GEOLOGICAL

Geological Observations on Coral Reefs ; also See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry O . Forbes, A Naturalist's Wanderings in the Eastern See also:

• ARCHIPELAGO

Archipelago (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1884) ; H .

B . Guppy, " The Cocos-Keeling Islands," Scottish See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

Geographical See also:

• MAGAZINE

Magazine (vol. v., 1889) . See also:

• KEEL

KEEL-MOULDING, in See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture, a See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round on which there is a small'See also:

• FILLET (through Fr. filet, from the med. Lat. filettum, diminutive of filum, a thread)

fillet, somewhat like the keel of a See also:

• SHIP

ship . It is See also:

• COMMON

common in the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early English and Decorated styles .