KEEP (corresponding to the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• DONJON (from a Late Lat. accusative form domnionem, connected with domnus or dominus, a lord)

donjon)  ,.in See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture the inmost and strongest See also:

• PART

part of a See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle, answering to the citadel of See also:

• MODERN

modern times . The arrangement is said to have originated with Gundulf, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• ROCHESTER
• ROCHESTER, JOHN WILMOT, 2ND EARL
• ROCHESTER, LAWRENCE HYDE, EARL OF (1641-1711)

Rochester (d . 1ro8), architect of the See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

White See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

Tower . The See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman keep is generally a very massive square tower . There is generally a well in a medieval keep, ingeniously concealed in the thickness of a See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall or in a See also:

• PILLAR (0. Fr. piler, Mod. pilier, Late Lat. pilare, from pila, column)

pillar . The most celebrated keeps of Norman times in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England are the White Tower in See also:

• LONDON

London, those at Rochester See also:

• ARUNDEL
• ARUNDEL, EARLDOM OF
• ARUNDEL, EARLS OF
• ARUNDEL, THOMAS (1353-1414)

Arundel and See also:

• NEWCASTLE
• NEWCASTLE, DUKES OF

Newcastle, Castle Hedingham, &c . When the keep was circular, as at Conisborough and See also:

• WINDSOR
• WINDSOR (properly NEw WINDSOR)

Windsor, it was called a " See also:

• SHELL
• SHELL (O. Eng. scell, scyll, cf. Du. sceel, shell, Goth. skalja, tile; the word means originally a thin flake,. cf. Swed. skalja, to peel off; it is allied to " scale " and " skill," from a root meaning to cleave, divide, separate)

shell-keep " (see CASTLE) . The verb " to keep," from which the noun with its particular meaning here treated was formed, appears in O.E. as cepan, of which the derivation is unknown; no words related to it are found in cognate See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages . The earliest meaning (c. r000) appears to have been to See also:

• LAY

lay hold of, to seize, from which its See also:

• COMMON

common uses of to guard, observe, retain See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of, have See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed .