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JOHN KEMPE (c. 1380-1454)

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 725 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOHN See also:KEMPE (c. 1380-1454)  , See also:English See also:cardinal, See also:archbishop of See also:Canterbury, and See also:chancellor, was son of See also:Thomas See also:Kempe, a See also:gentleman of 011antigh, in the See also:parish of Wye near See also:Ashford, See also:Kent . He was See also:born about 138o and educated at Merton See also:College, See also:Oxford . He practised as an ecclesiastical lawyer, was an See also:assessor at the trial of See also:Oldcastle, and in 1415 was made See also:dean of the See also:Court of See also:Arches . Then he passed into the royal service, and being employed in the See also:administration of See also:Normandy was eventually made chancellor of the duchy . See also:Early in 1419 he was elected See also:bishop of See also:Rochester, and was consecrated at See also:Rouen on the 3rd of See also:December . In See also:February 1421 he was translated to See also:Chichester, and in See also:November following to See also:London . During the minority of See also:Henry VI . Kempe had a prominent position in the English See also:council as a supporter of Henry See also:Beaufort, whom he succeeded as chancellor in See also:March 1426 . In this same See also:year he was promoted to the archbishopric of See also:York . Kempe held See also:office as chancellor for six years; his See also:main task in See also:government was to keep See also:Humphrey of See also:Gloucester in check . His resignation on the 28th of February 1432 was a concession to Gloucester . He still enjoyed Beau-fort's favour, and retaining his See also:place in the council was employed on important See also:missions, especially at the See also:congress of See also:Arras in 1435, and the See also:conference at See also:Calais in 1438 .

In December 1439 he was created cardinal, and during the next few years took less See also:

share in politics . He supported See also:Suffolk over the See also:king's See also:marriage with See also:Margaret of See also:Anjou; but afterwards there arose some difference between them, due in See also:part to a dispute about the nomination of the cardinal's See also:nephew, Thomas Kempe, to the bishopric of London . At the See also:time of Suffolk's fall in See also:January 1450 Kempe once more became chancellor . His See also:appointment may have been due to the fact that he was not committed entirely to either party . In spite of his See also:age and infirmity he showed some vigour in dealing with See also:Cade's See also:rebellion, and by his See also:official experience and skill did what he could for four years to sustain the king's authority . He was rewarded by his See also:translation to Canterbury in See also:July 1452, when See also:Pope See also:Nicholas added as a See also:special See also:honour the See also:title of cardinal-bishop of See also:Santa Rufina . As See also:Richard of York gained See also:influence, Kempe became unpopular; men called him " the cursed cardinal," and his fall seemed imminent when he died suddenly on the 22nd of March 1454 . He was buried at Canter-See also:bury, in the See also:choir . Kempe was a politician first, and hardly at all a bishop; and he was accused with some See also:justice of neglecting his dioceses, especially at York . Still he was a capable official, and a faithful servant to Henry VI., who called him " one of the wisest lords of the See also:land " (Paslon Letters, i . 315) . He founded a college at his native place at Wye, which was suppressed at the See also:Reformation .

For contemporary authorities see under HENRY VI . See also J . Raine's Historians of the See also:

Church of York, vol. ii.; W . See also:Dugdale's Monasticon, iii . 254, vi . 1430–1432; and W . F . See also:Hook's Lives of See also:Arch-bishops of Canterbury, v . 188–267 . (C . L .

End of Article: JOHN KEMPE (c. 1380-1454)
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