KENTUCKY  , a See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South Central See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

State of the See also:

• UNITED

United States of See also:

• AMERICA

America, situated between 36° 30' and 390 6' N., and 82° and 89° 38' W . It is bounded N., N.W., and N.E. by See also:

• ILLINOIS

Illinois, See also:

• INDIANA

Indiana and See also:

• OHIO

Ohio; E. by the Big Sandy See also:

• RIVER

river and its E. See also:

• FORK (Lat. furca)

fork, the Tug, which separates it from See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West See also:

• VIRGINIA
• VIRGINIA, or VERGINIA
• VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Virginia, and by Virginia; S.E. and S. by Virginia and See also:

• TENNESSEE

Tennessee; and W. by the See also:

• MISSISSIPPI

Mississippi river, which separates it from See also:

• MISSOURI

Missouri . It has an See also:

• AREA

area of 4.0,598 sq. m.; of this, 417 sq. m., including the entire breadth of the Ohio river, over which it has See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction, are See also:

• WATER

water See also:

• SURFACE

surface . Physiography.—From See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain heights along its eastern border the 'surface of Kentucky is a See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-western slope across two much dissected plateaus to a gracefully undulating See also:

• LOWLAND

lowland in the north central See also:

• PART

part and a longer western slope across the same plateaus to a See also:

• LOWER

lower and more level lowland at the western extremity . The narrow mountain See also:

• BELT (a word common to Teutonic languages, the Old Ger. form being bale, from which the Lat. balteus probably derived)
• BELT, THOMAS (1832-1878)

belt is part of the western edge of the Appalachian Mountain See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

Province in which, parallel ridges of folded mountains,' the See also:

• CUMBERLAND
• CUMBERLAND, DUKES AND EARLS OF
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1632-1718)
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1732-1811)
• CUMBERLAND, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS

Cumberland and the See also:

• PINE (Lat. Pinus, Gr. srlrur)

Pine, have crests 2000–3000 ft. high, and the Big See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black Mountain rises to 4000 ft . The highest point in the state is The See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

Double on the Virginia state See also:

• LINE

line, in the eastern part of See also:

• HARLAN
• HARLAN, JAMES (1820-1899)
• HARLAN, JOHN MARSHALL (1833- )

Harlan See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county with an See also:

• ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high)

altitude of over 4100 ft . The entire eastern See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter of the state, coterminous with the Eastern Kentucky See also:

• COAL

coal-See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field, is commonly known as the region of the " mountains," but with the exception of the narrow area just described it properly belongs to the See also:

• ALLEGHANY, or THE ALLEGHANIES (a spelling now more common than Allegheny)

Alleghany See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

Plateau Province . This plateau belt is exceedingly rugged with See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp ridges alternating with narrow valleys which have steep sides but are.seldom more than 1500 ft. above the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea . The See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder of the state which lies See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of the Tennessee river is divided into the Highland Rim Plateau and a lowland See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin, eroded in the Highland Rim Plateau and known as the See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

Blue Grass Region ; this region is separated from the Highland Rim Plateau by a semicircular escarpment extending from See also:

• PORTSMOUTH
• PORTSMOUTH, EARLS OF
• PORTSMOUTH, LOUISE DE

Portsmouth, Ohio, at the mouth of the Scioto river, to the mouth of the See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

Salt river below See also:

• LOUISVILLE

Louisville; it is bounded north by the Ohio river . The Highland Rim Plateau, lying to the south, east and west of the escarpment, embraces fully one-See also:

• HALF

half of the state, slopes from elevations of 1000–1200 ft. or more in the east to about 500 It. in the north-west, and is generally much less rugged than the Alleghany Plateau; a See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar feature of the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern portion of it is the numerous circular depressions (sink holes) in the surface and the cavernous region beneath . Kentucky is noted for its caves, the best-known of which are See also:

• MAMMOTH
• MAMMOTH (0. Russ. mammot, mod. mamant; the Tatar word mama, earth, from which it is supposed to be derived, is not known to exist)

Mammoth See also:

• CAVE (Lat. cavea, from caves, hollow)
• CAVE, EDWARD (1691–1754)
• CAVE, WILLIAM (1637–1713)

Cave and See also:

• COLOSSAL

Colossal Cavern (qq.v:) . The caves are cut in the beds of See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone (lying immediately below the coal-bearing See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series) by streams that pass beneath the surface in the " sink holes," and according to See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor N .

S . Shaler there are altogether " doubtless a See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred thousand See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles of ways large enough to permit the easy passage of See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man." Down the steep slopes of the escarpment the Highland Rim Plateau drops 200 ft. or more to the famous Blue Grass Region, in which erosion has See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed on limestone a gracefully undulating surface . This Blue Grass Region is like a beautiful See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

park, without ragged cliffs, precipitous slopes, or See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat marshy bottoms, but marked by rounded hills and dales . Especially within a See also:

• RADIUS

radius of 20 M. around See also:

• LEXINGTON
• LEXINGTON, BARON

Lexington, the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country is clothed with an unusually luxuriant vegetation . During See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring, autumn, and See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter in particular, the blue-grass (Poa See also:

• COIN
• COIN (older forms of the word are coyne, quoin and coign, all derived through the O. Fr. coing, and cuigne from Lat. cuneus, a wedge)

coin-presses and Poa pratensis) spreads a See also:

• MAT (O. Eng. meatt, from late Lat. mattes, whence Ital. mallet, Ger. and Dan. matte, Du. mat, &c.)

mat, See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green, thick, See also:

• FINE

fine and soft, over much of the country, and it is a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good winter pasture; about the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of See also:

• JUNE

June it blooms, and, owing to the See also:

• HUE

hue of its See also:

• SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed vessels, gives the landscape a bluish hue . Another lowland area embraces that small part of the state in the extreme south-east which lies west of the Tennessee river; this belongs to that part of the Coastal See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

Plain Region which extends north along the Mississippi river; it has in Kentucky an See also:

• AVERAGE

average See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation of less than 500 ft . Most of the larger See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers of the state have their See also:

• SOURCES

sources among the mountains or on the Alleghany Plateau and flow more or less circuitously in a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general north-western direction into the Ohio . Although deep river channels are See also:

• COMMON

common, falls or impassable rapids are rare west of the Alleghany Plateau, and the state has an extensive mileage of navigable See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters . The Licking, Kentucky, Green and Tradewater are the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal rivers wholly within the state . The Cumberland, after flowing for a considerable distance in the south-east and south central part of the state, passes into Tennessee at a point nearly south of Louisville, and in the extreme south-west the Cumberland and the Tennessee, with only a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short distance between them, See also:

• CROSS

cross Kentucky and enter the Mississippi at Smithland and See also:

• PADUCAH

Paducah respectively . The drainage" of the region under which the caverns See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie is mostly underground . See also:

• FAUNA

Fauna and See also:

• FLORA

Flora.—The first See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white settlers found See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers of buffaloes, See also:

• DEER (O. E. rigor, dfor, a common Teutonic word, meaning a wild animal, cf. Ger. Tier, Du. dier, &c., probably from a root dhus-, to breathe)
• DEER, CHINESE

deer, elks, geese, ducks, turkeys and partridges, also many bears, panthers, See also:

• LYNX (Lat. Lynx, Gr. airy, probably connected with X hovewv, to see)

lynx, wolves, foxes, heavers, otters, minks, See also:

• MUSK (Med. Lat. muscus, late Gr. µbvXos, possibly Pers. mushk, from Sansk. mushka, the scrotum)

musk-rats, rabbits, squirrels, raccoons, woodchucks, opossums and skunks, and the streams were inhabited by See also:

• TROUT (Salmo trutta)

trout, See also:

• PERCH (through Fr. from Lat. perca, Gr. 7rEpKo; the last word is connected with 2repev6r, dark-coloured, spotted)
• PERCH (through Fr. perche from Lat. pertica, a pole or rod used for measurement)

perch, See also:

• BUFFALO

buffalo-See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish, See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun-fish, See also:

• MULLET

mullet, eels, and suckers .

Of the larger See also:

• GAME

game there remain only a few deer, bears and lynx in the mountain districts, and the numbers of small game and fish have been greatly reduced . In its primeval state Kentucky was generally well timbered, but most of the middle See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section has been cleared and here the blue grass is now the dominant feature of the flora . Extensive See also:

• FOREST

forest areas still remain both in the east and the west, In the east See also:

• OAK (O. Eng., (lc)

oak, See also:

• MAPLE, SIR JOHN BLUNDELL, BART

maple, See also:

• BEECH

beech, See also:

• CHESTNUT (nux Castanea)

chestnut, See also:

• ELM

elm, See also:

• TULIP (Tulipa)

tulip-See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree (locally " yellow See also:

• POPLAR
• POPLAR (Lat. Populus)

poplar "), See also:

• WALNUT (Juglans)

walnut, pine and See also:

• CEDAR (Lat. cedrus, Gr. iapos)

cedar trees are the most numerous; in the west the forests are composed largely of See also:

• CYPRESS (Cupressus)

cypress, ash, oak, See also:

• HICKORY

hickory, chestnut, walnut, beech, tulip-tree, See also:

• GUM (Fr. gomme, Lat. gommi, Gr. Kµµ1, possibly a Coptic word; distinguish " gum," the fleshy covering of the base of a tooth, in O. Eng. gbma, palate, cf. Ger. Gaumen, roof of the mouth; the ultimate origin is probably the root gha, to open wide, seen in

gum and sycamore trees . See also:

• LOCUST

Locust, pawpaw, See also:

• CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus, Fr. concombre, O. Fr. coucombre, whence the older English spelling and pronunciation " cowcumber," the standard in England up to the beginning of the 18th century)

cucumber, See also:

• BUCK
• BUCK, CARL DARLING (1866– )
• BUCK, DUDLEY (1839-1909)

buck-See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

eye, black mulberry and See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

• CHERRY

cherry trees also abound, and the See also:

• GRAPE

grape, See also:

• RASPBERRY

raspberry and See also:

• STRAWBERRY (Fragaria)

strawberry are native fruits . See also:

• CLIMATE

Climate.—The climate is somewhat more mild and even than that of the neighbouring states . The mean See also:

• ANNUAL

annual temperature, about 50° F. on the mountains in the S . E., and 60° W. of the Tennessee, is about 55° F. for the entire state; the thermometer seldom registers as high as too° or as See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low as—to° . The mean annual precipitation ranges from about 38 in. in the north-east to 5o in. in the south, and is about 46 in. for the entire state; it is usually distributed evenly throughout the See also:

• YEAR

year and very little is in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of See also:

• SNOW (in O. Eng. sndw; a common Indo-European word; cf. in Teutonic languages, Ger. Schnee, Du. sneeuw; in Slavonic snieg', Lith. snegas; Gr. vi4a, Lat. nix, nivis, whence the Romanic forms, Ital. neve, Fr. neige, &c.; Ir. and Gael. sneachd; the original

snow . The prevailing winds See also:

• BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow from the west or south-west; See also:

• RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

rain-bearing winds blow mostly from the south ; and the See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold waves come from the north or north-west . See also:

• SOIL

Soil.—The best soils are the See also:

• ALLUVIUM

alluvium in the bottom-lands along some of the larger rivers and that of the Blue Grass Region, which is derived from a limestone See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich in organic See also:

• MATTER

matter (containing See also:

• PHOSPHORUS (Gr. 4ws, light, sPEpety, to bear)

phosphorus) and rapidly decomposing . The soil within a radius of some 20 M. around Lexington is especially rich ; outside of this area the Blue Grass soil is less rich in phosphorus and contains a larger mixture of See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand . The soils of the Highland Rim Plateau as well as of the lowland west of the Tennessee river vary greatly, but the most common are a See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay, containing more or less carbonate of See also:

• LIME
• LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

lime, and a sandy See also:

• LOAM (O.E. lam; the word appears in Dut. leem and Ger. Lehm; the ultimate origin is the root lai-, meaning " to be sticky," which is seen in the cognate " lime," Lat. limus, mud, clay)

loam .

On the escarpment around the Blue Grass Region the soils are for the most part either cherty or stiff with clay and of inferior quality . On the mountains and on the Alleghany Plateau, also, much of the soil is very See also:

• LIGHT

light and thin . See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

Agriculture.—Kentucky is chiefly an agricultural state . Of the 752,531 of its inhabitants who, in 1900, were engaged in some gainful occupation, 408,185 or 54'2 %, were agriculturists, and of its See also:

• TOTAL

total See also:

• LAND

land surface 21,979,422 acres, or 85'9%, were included in farms . The percentage of improved See also:

• FARM

farm land increased from 35'2 in 1850 to 49'9 in 1880 and to 62'5 in 1900 . The number of farms increased from 74,i77 in 185o to 166,453 in 188o and to 234,667 in 1900; and their average See also:

• SIZE

size decreased from 226.7 acres in 185o to t29'1 acres in 1880 and to 93.7 acres in 1900, these changes being largely due to the breaking up of slave estates, the introduction of a considerable number of See also:

• NEGRO (from Lat. eager, black)

negro farmers, and the increased cultivation of See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco and See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market-See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden produce . In the best stock-raising country, e.g. in Fayette county, the opposite tendency prevailed during the latter part of this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period and old farms of a few hundred acres were combined to form some vast estates of from 2000 to 4000 acres . Of the 234,667 farms in 1900, 155,189 contained less than Too acres, 76,450 contained between too and 500 acres, and 558 contained more than 100o acres; 152,216 or 64'86%, were operated by owners or part owners, of whom 5320 were negroes; 16,776 by See also:

• CASH

cash tenants, of whom 789 were negroes; and 60,289 by See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share tenants, of whom 4984 were negroes . In 1900 the value of farm land and improvements was $291,117,430; of buildings on farms, $90,887,460; of live-stock, $73,739,106 . In the year 1899 the value of all farm products was 8123,266,785 (of which $21,128,530 was the value of products fed to livestock), including the following items: crops, $74,783,365; See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal products, $44,303,940; and forest products, $4,179,840• The total acreage of all crops in 1899 was 6,582,696 . See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

corn is the largest and most valuable See also:

• CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop . As See also:

• LATE

late as 1849, when it produced 58,672,591 bu., Kentucky was the second largest Indian-corn producing state in the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union .

In 1899 the crop had increased to 73,974,220 bu. and the acreage was 3,319,257 (more than half the acreage of all crops in the state), but the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank had fallen to ninth in product and See also:

• ELEVENTH

eleventh in acreage; in 1909 (according to the Yearbook of the United States See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

Department of Agriculture) the crop was 103,472,000 bu . (ninth among the states of the United States), and the acreage was 3,568,000 (twelfth among the states) . Among the cereals See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat is the next largest crop; it increased from 2,142,822 bu. in 1849 to 11,356,113 bu. in 1879, and to 14,264,500 bu. in 1899; in 1909 It was only 7,906,000 bu . The crop of each of the other cereals is small and in each See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case was less in 1899 than in 1849 . The culture of tobacco, which is the second most valuable crop in the state, was begun in the north part about 1780 and in the west and south See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, but it was late in that century before it was introduced to any considerable extent in the Blue Grass Region, where it was then in a measure substituted for the culture of See also:

• HEMP (in O. Eng. henep, cf. Dutch hennep, Ger. Hanf , cognate with Gr. Kavval3er, Lat. cannabis)

hemp . By 1849 Kentucky ranked second only to Virginia in the See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of tobacco, and in 1899 it was far ahead of any other state in both acreage and yield, there being in that year 384,805 acres, which was 34'9 % of the total acreage in the See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental United States, yielding 314,288,050 lb . As compared with the state's Indian corn crop of that year, the acreage was only a little more than one-ninth, but the value ($18,541,982) was about 63% . In 1909 the tobacco acreage in Kentucky was 420,000, the crop was 350,700,000 lb, valued at$37,174,200; the average See also:

• PRICE
• PRICE, BARTHOLOMEW (1818–1898)
• PRICE, BONAMY (1807-1888)
• PRICE, RICHARD (1723-1791)

price per See also:

• POUND
• POUND (2)—(a)

pound had increased from 5'9 cents in 1899 to i0:6 cents in 1909 . The two most important tobacco-growing districts are: the Black Patch, in the extreme south-west corner of the state, which with the adjacent counties in Tennessee grows a black heavy See also:

• LEAF (O. Eng. leaf, cf. Dutch loof, Ger. Laub, Swed. lof, &c.; possibly to be referred to the root seen in Gr. Ma-eta, to peel, strip)

leaf bought almost entirely by the agents of See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign governments (especially See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain and See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy) and called regie " tobacco; and the Blue Grass Region, as far east as See also:

• MAYSVILLE

Maysville, and the See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill country south and east, whose product, the red and white Burley, is a fine-fibred light leaf, peculiarly absorbent of licorice and other adulterants used in the manufacture of sweet chewing tobacco, and hence a peculiarly valuable crop, which formerly averaged 22 cents a pound for all grades.' The high price received by the hill growers of the Burley induced farmers in the Blue Grass to plant Burley tobacco there, where the crop proved a great success, more than twice as much (sometimes 2000 lb) being grown to the See also:

• ACRE
• ACRE, or AQUIRY

acre in the Blue Grass as in the hills and twice as large patches being easily managed . In the hill country the share See also:

• TENANT (from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenant could usually plant and cultivate only four acres of tobacco, had to spend 12o days working the crop, and could use the same land for tobacco only once in six years . So, although a price of 6'5 cents a pound covered expenses of the planter of Burley in the Blue Grass, who could use the same Iand for tobacco once in four years, this price did not repay the hill planter . The additional production of the Blue Grass Region sent the price of Burley tobacco down to'this figure and below it .

The planters in the Black Patch had met a See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of the buyers by forming a See also:

• POOL

pool, the Planters' Protective Association, into which 40,000 growers were forced by " See also:

• NIGHT

night-See also:

• RIDING

riding " and other forms of See also:

• COERCION (from Lat. coercere, to restrain)
• COERCION, CONTRACT

coercion and persuasion, and had thus secured an advance to 11 cents a pound from the "regie " buyers and had shown: the efficacy of pooling methods in securing better prices for the tobacco crop . Following their example, the planters of the Burley formed the Burley Tobacco Society, a Burley pool, with headquarters at See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester and associated with the See also:

• AMERICAN

American Society of See also:

• EQUITY (Lat. aequitas)

Equity, which promoted in general the pooling of different crops throughout the country . The tobacco planters secured legislation favourable to the formation of crop pools . The Burley Tobacco Society attempted to pool the entire crop and thus force the buyers of the American Tobacco See also:

• COMPANY

Company of New See also:

• JERSEY
• JERSEY, EARLS OF

Jersey (which usually bought more than three-fourths of the crop of Burley) to pay a much higher price for it . In 1906 and in 1907 the crop was very large; the pool sold its lower grades of the 1906 crop at 16 cents a pound to the American Tobacco Company and forced the See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent buyers out of business; and the Burley Society decided in 1907 to grow no more tobacco until the 1906 and 1907 crops were sold, making the price high enough to pay for this period of Idleness . Members of the pool had used force to bring planters into the pool; and now some tobacco growers, especially in the hills, planted new crops in the See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope of immediate return, and a new " night-riding " See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war was begun on them . Bands of masked men rode about the country both in the Black Patch and in the Burley, burning tobacco houses of the independent planters, scraping their newly-planted tobacco patches, demanding that planters join their organization or leave the country, and See also:

• WHIPPING, or FLOGGING

whipping or See also:

• SHOOTING

shooting the recalcitrants . See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

Governor Willson, immediately after his inauguration, took See also:

• MEASURES

measures to suppress disorder . In general the Planters' Protective Association in the Black Patch was more successful in its pool than the Burley Tobacco Society in its, and there was more violence in the " regie " than in the " Burley " See also:

• DISTRICT

district . In See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1908 the lawlessness subsided in the Burley after the agreement of the American Tobacco Company to See also:

• PURCHASE

purchase the remainder of the 1906 crop at a " See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round " price of 20'1 cents and a part of the 1907 crop at an average price of 17 cents, thus making it profitable to raise a full crop in 1909 . Kentucky is the principal hemp-growing state of the Union; the crop of 1899, which was grown on 14,107 acres and amounted to 10,303,560 lb, valued at $468,454, was 87'7% of the hemp crop of the whole country . But the competition of cheaper labour in other countries reduced the profits on this plant and the product of 1899 was a decrease from 78,8,8,000 lb in 1859 .

See also:

• HAY
• HAY (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Heu, Dutch hooi; the root from which it is derived, meaning " to cut," is also seen in " to hew "; cf. " hoe ")
• HAY, GEORGE (1729—1811)
• HAY, GILBERT
• HAY, JOHN (1838–1905)

Hay and See also:

• FORAGE

forage, the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth in value of the state's crops in 1899, were grown on 683,139 acres and amounted to 776,534 tons, valued at $6,100,647; in 1909 the acreage of hay was 480,000 and the crop of 653,000 tons was valued at $7,771,000 . In 1899 the total value of See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit grown in Kentucky was $2,491,457 (making the state rank thirteenth among the states of the Union in the value of this product), of which $1,943,645 was the value of See also:

• ORCHARD (O. Eng. ort-geard, later orceard; a combination apparently of Lat. hortus, garden, and " yard " or " Barth ")

orchard fruits and $435,462 that of small fruits . Among fruits, apples are produced in greatest abundance, 6,053,717 bu. in 1899, an amount exceeded in only nine states; in 1889 the crop had been 10,679,389 bu. and was exceeded only by the crop of Ohio and by that of See also:

• MICHIGAN
• MICHIGAN, LAKE
• MICHIGAN, UNIVERSITY OF

Michigan . Kentucky also grows considerable quantities of cherries, See also:

• PEARS

pears, plums and peaches, and, for its size, ranks high in its crops of strawberries, blackberries and rasp-berries . Indian corn is grown in all parts of the state but most largely in the western portion . Wheat is grown both in the Blue Grass Region and farther west; and the best country for fruit is along the Ohio river between See also:

• CINCINNATI

Cincinnati and Louisville and in the hilly land surrounding the Blue Grass Region . In the eastern part of the state 'North of the Black Patch is a district in which is grown a heavy-leaf ' tobacco, a large part of which is shipped to Great 'See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain; and farther north and east a dark tobacco is grown for the American market . and cigarettes, See also:

• SADDLERY

saddlery and See also:

• HARNESS (from O. Fr. harneis or harnois; the ultimate origin is obscure; the Celtic origin which connects it with the Welsh haiarn, iron, has phonetic and other difficulties; the French is the origin of the Span. arnes, and Ger. Harnisch)

harness, patent medicines and compounds, See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton goods, See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture, See also:

• CONFECTIONERY (from Lat. confectio, conficere, compound)

confectionery, See also:

• CARRIAGE

carriage and See also:

• WAGON, or WAGGON

wagon materials, wooden packing boxes, woollen goods, pottery and terra See also:

• COTTA
• COTTA, BERNHARD VON (1808—1879)
• COTTA, GAIUS AURELIUS (c. 124—73 B.c.)

cotta See also:

• WARE

ware, structural See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron-See also:

• WORK

work, and turned and carved See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood . Louisville is the great manufacturing centre, the value of its products amounting in 1905 to $83,204,125, 52.1 % of the product of the entire state, and showing an increase of 25.9 % over the value of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city's factory products in 1900 . See also:

• ASHLAND

Ashland is the principal centre of the iron See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry . Minerals.—The See also:

• MINERAL

mineral resources of Kentucky are important and valuable, though very little developed . The value of all manufactures in 1900 was $154,166,365, and the value of manufactures based upon products of mines or quarries in the same year was $25,204,788; the total value of mineral products was $19,294,341 in 1907 .

Bituminous coal is the principal mineral, and in 1907 Kentucky ranked eighth among the coal-producing states of the Union; the output in 1907 amounted to 10,753,124 short tons, and in 1902 to 6,766,984 short tons as compared with 2,399,755 tons produced in 1889 . In 1902 the amount was about equally divided between the eastern coalfield, which is for the most part in Greenup, See also:

• BOYD, ANDREW KENNEDY HUTCHISON (1825—1899)
• BOYD, ROBERT BOYD, LORD (d. c. 1470)
• BOYD, ZACHARY (1585?-1653)

Boyd, See also:

• CARTER, ELIZABETH (1717-1806)

Carter, See also:

• LAWRENCE
• LAWRENCE (LAURENTIUS, LORENZO), ST
• LAWRENCE, AMOS (1786—1852)
• LAWRENCE, AMOS ADAMS (1814–1886)
• LAWRENCE, GEORGE ALFRED (1827–1876)
• LAWRENCE, JOHN LAIRD MAIR LAWRENCE, 1ST BARON (1811-1879)
• LAWRENCE, SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY (1806–1857)
• LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS (1769–1830)
• LAWRENCE, STRINGER (1697–1775)

Lawrence, See also:

• JOHNSON, ANDREW
• JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
• JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
• JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
• JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
• JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
• JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
• JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
• JOHNSON, THOMAS

Johnson, See also:

• LEE
• LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
• LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
• LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
• LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
• LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
• LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
• LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
• LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
• LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
• LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
• LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
• LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
• LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)

Lee, Breathitt, Rockcastle, See also:

• PULASKI, CASIMIR, COUNT (1748-1779)

Pulaski, See also:

• LAUREL

Laurel, See also:

• KNOX, HENRY (1750-1806)
• KNOX, JOHN (c. 1505–1572)
• KNOX, PHILANDER CHASE (1853– )

Knox, See also:

• BELL
• BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
• BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
• BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
• BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
• BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
• BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
• BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
• BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
• BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
• BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
• BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)

Bell and Whitley counties, and has an area of about II,180 sq. m., and the western coalfield, which is in See also:

• HENDERSON
• HENDERSON, ALEXANDER (1583-1646)
• HENDERSON, EBENEZER (1784-1858)
• HENDERSON, GEORGE FRANCIS ROBERT (1854-1903)
• HENDERSON, JOHN (1747-1785)

Henderson, Union, See also:

• WEBSTER
• WEBSTER, ALEXANDER (1707-1784)
• WEBSTER, BENJAMIN NOTTINGHAM (1797-1882)
• WEBSTER, DANIEL (1782-1852)
• WEBSTER, JOHN (fl. 1602-1624)
• WEBSTER, NOAH (1758-1843)
• WEBSTER, THOMAS (1773-1844)
• WEBSTER, THOMAS (1800-1886)

Webster, Daviess, See also:

• HANCOCK
• HANCOCK, JOHN (1737–1793)
• HANCOCK, WINFIELD SCOTT (1824-1886)

Hancock, McLean, Ohio, See also:

• HOPKINS, EDWARD WASHBURN (1857— )
• HOPKINS, ESEK (1718-18oz)
• HOPKINS, MARK (1802—1887)
• HOPKINS, SAMUEL (1721–1803)
• HOPKINS, WILLIAM (1793–1866)

Hopkins, See also:

• BUTLER
• BUTLER (or BOTELER), SAMUEL (1612–168o)
• BUTLER (through the O. Fr. bouteillier, from the Late Lat. buticularius, buticula, a bottle)
• BUTLER, ALBAN (1710-1773)
• BUTLER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1818-1893)
• BUTLER, CHARLES (1750–1832)
• BUTLER, GEORGE (1774-1853)
• BUTLER, JOSEPH (1692-1752)
• BUTLER, NICHOLAS MURRAY (1862– )
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1774-1839)
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1835-1902)
• BUTLER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS (1838– )
• BUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER (1814-1848)

Butler, See also:

• MUHLENBERG, HENRY MELCHIOR (1711–1787)
• MUHLENBERG, JOHN PETER GABRIEL (1746–1807)
• MUHLENBERG, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS (1796-1877)

Muhlenberg and See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian counties, and has an area of 5800 sq. m . In 1907 the output of the western district was 6,295,397 tons; that of the eastern, 4,457,727 . The largest coal-producing counties in 1907 were Hopkins (2,064,154 short tons) and Muhlenberg (1,882,913 short tons) in the western coalfield, and Bell (1,437,886 short tens) and Whitley (762,923 short tons) in the south-western part of the eastern coalfield . All Kentucky coal is either bituminous or semi-bituminous, but of several varieties . Of cannel coal Kentucky is the largest producer in the Union, its output for 1902 being 65,317 short tons, and, according to state reports, for 1903, 72,856 tons (of which 46,314 tons were from See also:

• MORGAN
• MORGAN, DANIEL (1736-1802)
• MORGAN, EDWIN DENNISON (1811-1883)
• MORGAN, JOHN HUNT (1825-1864)
• MORGAN, JOHN PIERPONT (1837–1913)
• MORGAN, LEWIS HENRY (1818-1881)
• MORGAN, SYDNEY, LADY (c. 1783-1859)
• MORGAN, THOMAS (d. 1743)

Morgan county), and for 1904, 68,400 tons (of which 52,492 tons were from Morgan county); according to the Mineral Resources of the United States for 1907 (published by the United States See also:

• GEOLOGICAL

Geological Survey) the production of Kentucky in 1907 of cannel coal (including 465o tons of semi-cannel coal) was 77,733 tons, and exclusive of semi-cannel coal the output of Kentucky was much larger than that of any other state . Some of the coal See also:

• MINED

mined in eastern Kentucky is an excellent See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam producer, especially the Jellico coal of Whitley county, Kentucky, and of See also:

• CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
• CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
• CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN
• CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
• CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
• CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
• CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)

Campbell county, Tennessee . But with the exception of that mined in Hopkins and Bell counties, very little is See also:

• FIT

fit for making See also:

• COKE (a northern English word, possibly connected with " colk," core)
• COKE, SIR EDWARD (1552-1634)
• COKE, SIR JOHN (1563-1644)
• COKE, THOMAS (1747-1814)

coke; in 1880 the product was 4250 tons of coke (value $12,250), in 1890, 12,343 tons ($22,191) ; in 1900, 95,532 tons ($235,505) ; in 1902, 126,879 tons ($317,875), the maximum product up to 1906; and in 1907, 67,o68 tons ($157,288) . Coal was first mined in Kentucky in Laurel or Pulaski county in 1827; between 1829 and 1835 the annual output was from 2000 to 600o tons; in 1840 it was 23,527 tons and in 1860 it was 285,76o tons . See also:

• PETROLEUM (Lat. Petra, rock, and oleuin, oil)

Petroleum was discovered on Little Rennick's See also:

• CREEK
• CREEK (Mid. Eng. crike or creke, common to many N. European languages)

Creek, near Burkesville, in Cumberland county, in 1829, when a flowing oil well (the " American well," whose product was sold as " American oil " to heal See also:

• RHEUMATISM (from Gr. /56µa, flux)

rheumatism, See also:

• BURNS, JOHN (1858– )
• BURNS, ROBERT (1759-1796)
• BURNS, SIR GEORGE

burns, &c.) was struck by men See also:

• BORING

boring for a "salt well," and after a second See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery in the 'sixties at the mouth of See also:

• CROCUS

Crocus Creek a small but steady amount of oil was got each year . Great See also:

• PIPE

pipe lines from See also:

• PARKERSBURG

Parkersburg, West Virginia, to See also:

• SOMERSET, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• SOMERSET, EDMUND BEAUFORT, DUKE OF (c. 1404–1455)
• SOMERSET, EDWARD SEYMOUR, DUKE OF (c. 1506–1552)
• SOMERSET, LORD ROBERT EDWARD HENRY (1776-1842)
• SOMERSET, ROBERT CARR (or KER), EARL OF (e. 1590-1645)

Somerset, Pulaski county, and with branches to the Ragland, Barbourville and Prestonburg See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields, had in 1902 a mileage of 275 M . The principal fields are in the " southern tier," from See also:

• WAYNE, ANTHONY (1745-1796)

Wayne to See also:

• ALLEN, BOG OF
• ALLEN, ETHAN (1739–1789)
• ALLEN, GRANT CHARLES GRANT BLAIRFINDIEI, (1848–1899)
• ALLEN, JAMES LANE (1850– )
• ALLEN, JOHN (1476–1534)
• ALLEN, or ALLEYN, THOMAS (1542-1632)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM (1532-1594)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM FRANCIS (183o-1889)

Allen county, including Barren county; farther east, Knox county, and See also:

• FLOYD, JOHN (1572–1649)
• FLOYD, JOHN BUCHANAN (1807–1863)

Floyd and Knott counties; to the north-east the Ragland field in See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

Bath and Rowan counties on the Licking river .

In 1902 the petroleum produced in the state amounted to 248,950 barrels, valued at $172,837, a gain in quantity of 81.4% over 1901 . Kentucky is the S.W. extreme of the natural See also:

• GAS

gas region of the west flank of the Appalachian See also:

• SYSTEM

system; the greatest amount is found in See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin county in the east, and See also:

• BRECKINRIDGE, JOHN CABELL (1821-1875)

Breckinridge county in the north-west . The value of the state's natural gas output increased from $38,993 in 1891 to '1..9,000 in 1896, $286,243 in 1900, $365,611 in 1902, and $380,176 in 1907 . Iron ore has been found in several counties, and an iron See also:

• FURNACE

furnace was built in Bath county, in the N . E. part of the state, as early as 1791, but since 1860 this mineral has received little See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention . In 1902 it was mined only in Bath, See also:

• LYON, MARY MASON (1797-1849)
• LYON, NATHANIEL (1818-1861)

Lyon and Trigg counties, of which the total product was 71,006 See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long tons, valued at only $86,169; in 1904 only 35,000 tons were mined, valued at the mines at $35,000 . In 1898 there began an increased activity in the See also:

• MINING

mining of fluor-spar, and See also:

• CRITTENDEN, JOHN JORDAN (1787-1863)

Crittenden, Fayette and See also:

• LIVINGSTON, EDWARD (1764–1836)
• LIVINGSTON, ROBERT R
• LIVINGSTON, WILLIAM (1723-1790)

Livingston counties produced in 1902, 29,030 tons (valued at $143,410) of this mineral, in 1903 30,835 tons (valued at $153,960) and in 1904 19,096 tons (valued at $111,499), amounts (and values) exceeding those produced in any other state for these years; but in 1907 the quantity (21,058 tons) was less than the output of Illinois . See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

Lead and See also:

• ZINC

zinc are mined in small quantities near See also:

• MARION
• MARION, FRANCIS (1732-1795)
• MARION, HENRI FRANCOIS (1846-1896)

Marion in Crittenden county and elsewhere in connexion with mining for fluorspar; in 1907 the output was In the See also:

• CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

census of 1 See also:

• STATISTICS

statistics for other than 75 tons of lead valued at $7950 and 358 tons of zinc valued at 905 factory-made $42,244 . See also:

• JEFFERSON
• JEFFERSON, JOSEPH (1829-1905)
• JEFFERSON, THOMAS (1743-1826)

Jefferson, Jessamine, See also:

• WARREN
• WARREN, GOUVERNEUR KEMBLE (183o-1882)
• WARREN, JOSEPH (1741—1775)
• WARREN, MERCY (1728—1814)
• WARREN, MINTON (1850-1907)
• WARREN, SAMUEL (1807-1877)
• WARREN, SIR JOHN BORLASE, BART
• WARREN, WILLIAM (1812-1888)

Warren, Grayson and Caldwell products, such as tAbse of the See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand trades, were not included. counties have valuable quarries of an excellent light-coloured where crops are generally light, Indian corn, oats and potatoes are the principal products, but tobacco, See also:

• FLAX

flax and cotton are grown . The thoroughbred Kentucky See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse has long had a