See also:

• KEY
• KEY (in O. Eng. tang; the ultimate origin of the word is unknown; it appears only in Old Frisian kei of other Teutonic languages; until the end of the 17th century the pronunciation was kay, as in other words in O. Eng. ending in aeg; cf. daeg, day; clang
• KEY (the phraseograms being indicated by hyphens)
• KEY, SIR ASTLEY COOPER (1821-1888)
• KEY, THOMAS HEWITT (1799-1875)

KEY (in O. Eng. tang; the ultimate origin of the word is unknown; it appears only in Old Frisian kei of other See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages; until the end of the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the See also:

• PRONUNCIATION (Lat. pronuntiatio, from pronuntiare, proclaim, announce, pronounce)

pronunciation was See also:

• KAY, JOHN (1742-1826)
• KAY, JOSEPH (1821-1878)

kay, as in other words in O. Eng. ending in aeg; cf. daeg, See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day; clang  , See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay; the New See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary takes the See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change to kee to be due to See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence), an See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument of See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal used for the opening and closing of a See also:

• LOCK (from the O. Eng. loc.; the word appears, in different forms, in many Teutonic languages, but with such various meanings as " hole," Ger. Loch, " lid," Swed. lock, &c.; probably the original was a root meaning " to enclose ")
• LOCK, MATTHIAS

lock (see LOCK) . Until the 14th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century See also:

• BRONZE

bronze and not See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron was most commonly used . The terminals of the See also:

• STEM (O. Eng. staefn, stemn, cf. Du. stain, Ger. Stamm, &c., probably related to " staff ")

stem of the keys were frequently decorated, the " See also:

• BOW (pronounced " bo ")

bow " or See also:

• LOOP

loop taking the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form sometimes of a See also:

• TREFOIL (Lat. trif olium, three-leaved plant, Fr. trk/le, Ger. Dreiblatt and Dreiblattbogen)

trefoil, with figures inscribed within it; this decoration increased in the 16th century, the terminals being made in the shape of animals and other figures . Still more elaborate ceremonial keys were used by See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court officials; a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of chamberlains' keys used during the 18th and 19th centuries in several courts in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe is in the See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum . The terminals are decorated with crowns, royal monograms and ciphers . The word " See also:

• KEY
• KEY (in O. Eng. tang; the ultimate origin of the word is unknown; it appears only in Old Frisian kei of other Teutonic languages; until the end of the 17th century the pronunciation was kay, as in other words in O. Eng. ending in aeg; cf. daeg, day; clang
• KEY (the phraseograms being indicated by hyphens)
• KEY, SIR ASTLEY COOPER (1821-1888)
• KEY, THOMAS HEWITT (1799-1875)

key " is by See also:

• ANALOGY (Gr. avaXo-yLa, proportion)

analogy applied to things regarded as means for the opening or closing of'anything, for the making clear that which is hidden . Thus it is used of an See also:

• INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)

interpretation as to the arrangement of the letters or words of a See also:

• CIPHER, or CYPHER (from Arab. sifr, void)

cipher, of a See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of mathematical or other problems, or of a See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of exercises or books, &c., from a See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language . The See also:

• TERM

term is also used figuratively of a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of commanding strategic position . Thus See also:

• GIBRALTAR

Gibraltar, the " Key of the Mediterranean," was granted in 1462 by See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry IV. of See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile, the arms, See also:

• GALES (mod. Calvi)

gales, a See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle proper, with key See also:

• PENDANT (through Fr. from Lat. pendere, to hang)

pendant to the See also:

• GATE

gate, or; these arms form the badge of the 5oth See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment of See also:

• FOOT

foot (now 2nd Batt . See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex Regiment) in the British See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, in memory of the See also:

• PART

part which it took in the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of 1782 . The word is also frequently applied to many See also:

• MECHANICAL

mechanical contrivances for unfastening or loosening a See also:

• VALVE (Lat. valva, a leaf of a double or folding door, allied to volvere, to roll, as of a door on its hinges)

valve, See also:

• NUT
• NUT (0. Eng. knutu, cf. Dutch noot, Ger. Nuss; allied with Gael. cno; it is not of the same form as Lat. nux)

nut, See also:

• BOLT

bolt, &c., such as a spanner or wrench, and to the See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments used in tuning a piano-forte or See also:

• HARP (Fr. harpe; Ger. Harfe; Ital. arpa)

harp or in winding clocks or watches . A farther See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of the word is to appliances or devices which serve to lock or fasten together distinct parts of a structure, as the " key-See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone " of an See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

arch, the See also:

• WEDGE (O. Eng. wecg, a mass of metal, cognate with Dutch wig, wigge, Dan. vaegge, &c.; in Lith. the cognate form outside Teut. is found in wagis, a peg, spigot; there is no connexion with " weigh," " weight," which must be referred to the root wegh, to li

wedge or piece of See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood, metal, &c., which fixes a See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint, or a small metal instrument, shaped like a U, used to secure the bands in the See also:

• PROCESS

process of sewing in See also:

• BOOK

book-binding .

In musical instruments the term " key " is applied in certain See also:

• WIND
• WIND (a common Teut. word, cognate with Skt. vats, Lat. ventus, cf. " weather," to be of course distinguished from to " wind," to coil or twist, O.Eng. windan, cf. "wander," "wend," &c.)

wind instruments, particularly of the wood-wind type, to the levers which open and See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close valves in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to produce various notes, and in See also:

• KEYBOARD, or MANUAL (Fr. clavier; Ger. Klaviatur; Ital. tastatura)

keyboard instruments, such as the See also:

• ORGAN

organ or the See also:

• PIANOFORTE (Ital. piano, soft, and forte, loud)

pianoforte, to the exterior See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white or See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black parts of the levers which either open or shut the valves to admit the wind from the See also:

• BELLOWS
• BELLOWS, ALBERT F
• BELLOWS, HENRY WHITNEY (1814-1882)

bellows to the pipes or to See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release the hammers against the strings (see KEYBOARD) . It is from this application of the word to these levers in musical instruments that the term is also used of the parts pressed by the See also:

• FINGER

finger in typewriters and in telegraphic instruments . A key is the insignia of the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of See also:

• CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
• CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)

chamberlain in a royal See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household (see CHAMBERLAIN and See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

LORD CHAMBERLAIN) . The " See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the keys " (clavium potestas) in ecclesiastical usage represents the authority given by See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ to See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter by the words, " I will give unto thee the keys of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of See also:

• HEAVEN (0. Eng. hefen, heofon, heofone; this word appears in O.S. hevan; the High. Ger. word appears in Ger. Himmel, Dutch hemel; there does not seem to be any connexion between the two words, and the ultimate derivation of the word is unknown; the sugges

heaven " (Matt. xvi . 19) . This is claimed by the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church to have been transmitted to the popes as the successors of St Peter . " Key " was formerly the See also:

• COMMON

common spelling of " See also:

• QUAY
• QUAY, MATTHEW STANLEY (1833-1904)

quay,' a See also:

• WHARF

wharf, and is still found in See also:

• AMERICA

America for "cay," an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island See also:

• REEF (1)

reef or sandbank off the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• FLORIDA

Florida (see Quay) . The origin of the name Keys or See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of Keys, the See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the legislature, the court of Tynwald, of the Isle of See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

Man, has been much discussed, but it is generally accepted that it is a particular application of the word " key " by English- and not See also:

• MANX

Manx-speaking See also:

• PEOPLE

people . According 10 A . W . See also:

• MOORE, A
• MOORE, ALBERT JOSEPH (1841–1893)
• MOORE, EDWARD (1712–1757)
• MOORE, GEORGE (1853– )
• MOORE, GEORGE FOOT (1851– )
• MOORE, HENRY (1831–1895)
• MOORE, JOHN (1729-1802)
• MOORE, SIR JOHN (1761-1809)
• MOORE, THOMAS (1779-1852)

Moore, See also:

• HISTORY

History of the Isle of Man, i . 16o sqq .

(190o), in the Manx statutes and records the name of the house was in 1417 Claves Manniae et acmes legis, Keys of Man and Keys of the See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

Law; but the popular and also the documentary name till 1585 seems to have been "the 24," in Manx Kiare as feed . From 1585 to 1734 the name was in the statutes, &c., "the 24 Keys," or simply "the Keys." Moore suggests that the name was possibly originally due to an English "clerk of the rolls," the members of the house being called in to " unlock or solve the difficulties of the law." There is no See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence for the See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion that Keys is an English corruption of Kiare-as, the first part of Kiare as feed . Another suggestion is that it is from a Scandinavian word keise, chosen .