See also:

• KHAIREDDIN (Khair-ed-Din = " Joy of Religion '°) (d. 1890)

KHAIREDDIN (Khair-ed-Din = " Joy of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

Religion '°) (d. 1890)  , See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish statesman, was of Circassian See also:

• RACE

race, but nothing is known about his See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth and parentage . In See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early boyhood he was in the hands of a Tunisian slave-dealer, by whom he was sold to Hamuda See also:

• PASHA

Pasha, then See also:

• BEY (a modern Turk. word, the older form being beg, cf. Pers. baig)

bey of See also:

• TUNIS

Tunis, who gave him his freedom and a See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• EDUCATION

education . When See also:

• KHAIREDDIN (Khair-ed-Din = " Joy of Religion '°) (d. 1890)

Khaireddin See also:

• LEFT

left school the bey made him steward of his estates, and from this position he See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose to be See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of See also:

• FINANCE

finance . When the See also:

• PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

prime minister, Mahmud See also:

• BEN (from Old Eng. bennan, within)

ben Ayad, absconded to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France with the treasure-See also:

• CHEST (Gr. Kiarl, Lat. cista, O. Eng. cist, test, &c.)

chest of the beylic, Hamuda despatched Khaireddin to obtain the See also:

• EXTRADITION (Lat. cx, out, and traditio, handing over)

extradition of the fugitive . The See also:

• MISSION

mission failed; but the six years it occupied enabled Khaireddin to make himself widely known in France, to become acquainted with French See also:

• POLITICAL

political ideas and administrative methods, and, on his return to See also:

• TUNISIA (Regency of Tunis)

Tunisia, to render himself more than ever useful to his See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . Hamuda died while Khaireddin was in France, but he was highly appreciated by the three beys—Ahmet (1837), Mohammed (1855), and Sadok (1859)—who in turn followed Hamuda, and to his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence was due the sequence of liberal See also:

• MEASURES

measures which distinguished their successive reigns . Khaireddin also secured for the reigning See also:

• FAMILY

family the See also:

• CONFIRMATION (Lat. confirmatio, from confirmare, to establish, make firm)

confirmation from the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan of See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey of their right of See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession to the beylic . But although Khaireddin's protracted See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence in France had imbued him with liberal ideas, it had not made him a French See also:

• PARTISAN, or PARTIZAN

partisan, and he strenuously opposed the French See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme of establishing a See also:

• PROTECTORATE

protectorate over Tunisia upon which France embarked in the early 'seventies . This rendered him See also:

• OBNOXIOUS (Lat. obnoxiosus, from ob, over, against, and noxa, harm)

obnoxious to Sadok's prime minister—an apostate See also:

• JEW, THE WANDERING

Jew named Mustapha ben Ismael—who succeeded in completely undermining the bey's confidence in him . . His position thus became untenable in Tunisia, and shortly after the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of Abdul Hamid he acquainted the sultan with his See also:

• DESIRE

desire to enter the Turkish service . In 1877 the sultan bade him come to See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople, and on his arrival gave him a seat on the Reform See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

Commission then sitting at Tophane . Early in 1879 the sultan appointed him See also:

• GRAND

grand See also:

• VIZIER

vizier, and shortly afterwards'he prepared a scheme of constitutional government, but Abdul Hamid refused to have anything to do with it .

Thereupon Khaireddin resigned See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, on the 28th of See also:

• JULY

July 1879 . More than once the sultan offered him anew the grand vizierate, but Khaireddin persistently refused it, and thus incurred disfavour . He died on the 3oth of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1890, practically a prisoner in his own See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house .