See also:

• KHONDS, or KANDHS

KHONDS, or KANDHS  , an aboriginal tribe of See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, inhabiting the tributary states of See also:

• ORISSA

Orissa and the See also:

• GANJAM

Ganjam See also:

• DISTRICT

district of See also:

• MADRAS

Madras . At the See also:

• CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

census of 1901 they numbered 701,198 . Their See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main divisions are into Kutia or See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill See also:

• KHONDS, or KANDHS

Khonds and See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain-dwelling Khonds; the landowners are known as Raj Khonds . Their See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion is animistic, and their See also:

• PANTHEON (Lat. pantheum or pantheon; Gr. srav& ov, all-holy, from re, s, all, and Oeor god)

pantheon includes eighty-four gods . They have given their name to the Khondmals, a sub-See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of Angul district in Orissa: See also:

• AREA

area, 800 sq. m.; pop . (1901), 64,214 . The Khond See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language, Kui, spoken in 1901 by more than See also:

• HALF

half a million persons, is much more closely related to See also:

• TELUGU

Telugu than is Gondi . The Khonds are a finer type than the Gonds . They are as tall as the See also:

• AVERAGE

average See also:

• HINDU

Hindu and not much darker, while in features they are very See also:

• ARYAN

Aryan . They are undoubtedly a mixed See also:

• DRAVIDIAN (Sanskrit Dravida)

Dravidian See also:

• RACE

race, with much Aryan See also:

• BLOOD

blood . The Khonds became notorious, on the See also:

• BRITISH

British occupation of their district about 1835, from the prevalence and See also:

• CRUELTY (through the O. Fr. crualte, mod. cruaute, from the Lat. crudelitas)

cruelty of the human sacrifices they practised . These " Meriah " sacrifices, as they were called, were intended to further the fertilization of the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth .

It was See also:

• INCUMBENT (from Lat. incumbere, to lean, lie upon)

incumbent on the Khonds to See also:

• PURCHASE

purchase their victims . Unless bought with a See also:

• PRICE
• PRICE, BARTHOLOMEW (1818–1898)
• PRICE, BONAMY (1807-1888)
• PRICE, RICHARD (1723-1791)

price they were not deemed acceptable . They seldom sacrificed Khonds, though in hard times Khonds were obliged to sell their See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children and they could then be See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased as Meriahs . Persons of any race, See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age or See also:

• SEX (Lat. sexes; possibly connected with secure, to cut)

sex, were acceptable if purchased . See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

Numbers were bought and kept and well treated; and Meriah See also:

• WOMEN

women were encouraged to become mothers . Ten or twelve days before the See also:

• SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

sacrifice the victim's See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair was cut off, and the villagers having bathed, went with the See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest to the sacred See also:

• GROVE (O.E. graf, cf. O.E. gr(efa, brushwood, later" greave "; the word does not appear in any other Teutonic language, and the New English Dictionary finds no Indo-European root to which it can be referred; Skeat considers it connected with " grave," to
• GROVE, SIR GEORGE (182o-1900)
• GROVE, SIR WILLIAM ROBERT (1811-1896)

grove to forewarn the goddess . The festival lasted three days, and the wildest orgies were indulged in . See See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

Major See also:

• MACPHERSON, JAMES (1736–1796)
• MACPHERSON, SIR DAVID LEWIS (1818–1896)

Macpherson, Religious Doctrines of the Khonds; his See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of their religion in Jour . R . See also:

• ASIATIC

Asiatic See also:

• SOC

Soc. xiii . 220–221 and his See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

Report upon the Khonds of Ganjam and See also:

• CUTTACK

Cuttack (See also:

• CALCUTTA

Calcutta, 1842) ; also District Gazetteer of Angul (Calcutta, 1908) .