KIEL  , the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• NAVAL

naval See also:

• PORT

port of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany on the Baltic, a See also:

• TOWN

town of the Prussian See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• SCHLESWIG (Dan. Slesvig)

Schleswig-See also:

• HOLSTEIN
• HOLSTEIN, FRIEDRICH VON (1837–1909)

Holstein . Pop . (1900), 107,938; (1905), 163,710, including the incorporated suburbs . It is beautifully situated at the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern end on the Kieler Busen (See also:

• BAY

bay or See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour of Kiel), 70 M. by See also:

• RAIL

rail N. from See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg . It consists of a somewhat cramped old town, lying between the harbour and a See also:

• SHEET

sheet of See also:

• WATER

water called Kleiner Kiel, and a better built and more spacious new town, which has been increased by the See also:

• INCORPORATION (from Lat. incorporare, to form into a body)

incorporation of the See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden suburbs of See also:

• BRUNSWICK
• BRUNSWICK (Ger. Braunschweig)
• BRUNSWICK, KARL WILHELM FERDINAND, DUKE OF (1735-18o6)

Brunswick and Diisternbrook . In the old town stands the See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace, built in the 13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, enlarged in the 18th and restored after a See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire in 1838 . It was once the seat of the See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes of Holstein-Gottorp, who resided here from 1721 to 1773, and became the See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry of See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia . Other buildings are the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas (restored in 1877—1884), dating from 1240, with a lofty See also:

• STEEPLE (akin to " steep")

steeple; the old town-See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall on the See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market square; the church of the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See also:

• GHOST (a word common to the W. Teutonic languages; O.E. vest, Dutch, 'geest, Ger. Geist)

Ghost; three See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• MODERN

modern churches, those of St See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James, and St Jurgen and of St Ansgar; and the See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre . Further to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north and facing the bay is the university, founded in 1665 by See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of Schleswig, and named after him " Christian Albertina." The new buildings were erected in 1876, and connected with them are a library of 240,000 volumes, a zoological museum, a See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital, a botanical garden and a school of forestry . The university, which is celebrated as a medical school, is attended by nearly l000 students, and has a teaching See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff of over roo professors and docents . Among other scientific and educational institutions are the Schleswig-Holstein museum of See also:

• NATIONAL

national antiquities in the old university buildings, the Thaulow museum (See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich in Schleswig-Holstein See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood-See also:

• CARVING

carving of the 16th and 17th centuries), the naval See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy, the naval school and the school for See also:

• ENGINEERS, MILITARY

engineers . The See also:

• PRIDE, THOMAS (d. 1658)

pride of Kiel is its magnificent harbour, which has a comparatively See also:

• UNIFORM

uniform See also:

• DEPTH

depth of water, averaging 40 ft., and See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close to the shores 20 ft .

Its length is 11 m. and its breadth varies from m. at the southern end to 41- M. at the mouth . Its defences, which include two forts on the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west and four on the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, all situated about 5 m. from the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the harbour at the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place (Friedrichsort) where its shores approach one another, make it a place of See also:

• GREAT

great strategic stength . The imperial docks (five in all) and See also:

• SHIP

ship-See also:

• BUILDING

building yards are on the east side facingthe town, between Gaarden and Ellerbeck, and comprise basins capable of containing the largest See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war-See also:

• SHIPS

ships afloat . The imperial yard employs 7000 hands, and another 7000 are employed in two large private ship-building See also:

• WORKS

works, the Germania (See also:

• KRUPP, ALFRED (1812—1887)

Krupp's) and Howalds' . The Kaiser Wilhelm See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal, commonly called the Kiel Canal, connecting the Baltic with the North See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea at Brunsbi.ittel, has its eastern entrance at Wik, 12 in . N. of Kiel (see GERMANY: Waterways) . The town and adjacent villages, e.g . Wik, Heikendorf and Laboe, are resorted to for sea-bathing, and in See also:

• JUNE

June of each See also:

• YEAR

year a regatta, attended by yachts from all countries, is held . The Kieler Woche is one of the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal social events in Germany, and corresponds to the " See also:

• COWES

Cowes See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week " in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . Kiel is connected by See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day and See also:

• NIGHT

night services with See also:

• KORSOR

Korsor in See also:

• DENMARK
• DENMARK (Danmark)

Denmark by See also:

• EXPRESS (through the French from the past participle of the Lat. exprimere, to press out, by transference used of representing objects in painting or sculpture, or of thoughts, &c. in words)

express passenger boats . The harbour yields sprats which are in great repute . The principal See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries are those connected with the imperial See also:

• NAVY

navy and ship-building, but embrace also See also:

• FLOUR

flour-See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills, oil-works, See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron-foundries, See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing-works, saw-mills, breweries, See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick-works, See also:

• SOAP

soap-making and See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish-curing .

There is an important See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in See also:

• COAL

coal, See also:

• TIMBER

timber, cereals, fish, See also:

• BUTTER (Lat. butyrum, Gr. 0obrvpov, apparently connected with $ous, cow, and rvpbs, cheese, but, according to the New English Dictionary, perhaps of Scythian origin)

butter and See also:

• CHEESE (Lat. caseus)

cheese . The name of Kiel appears as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as the loth century in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form Kyl (probably from the Anglo-Saxon Kille = a safe place for ships) . Kiel is mentioned as a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city in the next century; in 1242 it received the See also:

• LUBECK

Lubeck rights ; in the 14th century it acquired various trading privileges, having in 1284 entered the Hanseatic See also:

• LEAGUE

League . In See also:

• RECENT

recent times Kiel has been associated with the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace concluded in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1814 between Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, Denmark and See also:

• SWEDEN
• SWEDEN [Sverige]
• SWEDEN, NORWAY AND

Sweden, by which See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway was ceded to Sweden . In 1773 Kiel became See also:

• PART

part of Denmark, and in r866 it passed with the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of Schleswig-Holstein to Prussia . Since being made a great naval See also:

• ARSENAL

arsenal, Kiel has rapidly See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed in prosperity and See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population . See Prahl, Chronika der Stadt Kiel (Kiel, r856) ; See also:

• ERICHSEN, SIR JOHN ERIC

Erichsen, Topographie See also:

• DES

des Landkreises Kiel (Kiel, 1898) ; H . Eckardt, Alt-Kiel in Wort and Bild (Kiel, 1899) ; P . See also:

• HASSE, JOHANN ADOLPH (1699-1783)

Hasse, Das Kieler Stadtbuch, 1264—z289 (Kiel, 1875) ; Das alteste Kieler Rentebuch 1300, 1481, edited by C . See also:

• REUTER, FRITZ (1810-1894)
• REUTER, PAUL JULIUS, BARON DE (1821-1899)

Reuter (Kiel, 1893) ; Das zweite Kieler Rentebuch 1487, 1-586, edited by W . Stern (Kiel, 1904) ; and the Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur Kieler Stadtgeschichte (Kiel, 1877, 1904) .