KINGSBRIDGE  , a See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market See also:

• TOWN

town in the See also:

• TOTNES
• TOTNES, GEORGE CAREW, or CAREY, EARL OF (1555-1629)

Totnes See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of See also:

• DEVONSHIRE (DEvoN)
• DEVONSHIRE, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Devonshire, See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, 48 in . S.S.W. of See also:

• EXETER
• EXETER, EARL, MARQUESS AND DUKE OF

Exeter, on a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the See also:

• GREAT

Great Western railway . Pop. of See also:

• URBAN
• URBAN (Urbanus)

urban See also:

• DISTRICT

district (1901), 3025 . It lies 6 m. from the See also:

• ENGLISH

English Channel, at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of an inlet or See also:

• ESTUARY (from the Lat. aestuarium, a place reached by aestus, the tide)

estuary which receives only small streams, on a sharply sloping site . The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• EDMUND
• EDMUND, or EADMUND (c. 980-1016)
• EDMUND, SAINT [EDMUND RICE] (d. 1240)

Edmund is mainly Perpendicular, but there are Transitional See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman and See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early English portions . The town-See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall contains a natural See also:

• HISTORY

history museum . A See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house called See also:

• PINDAR (Gr. HivSapos, c. 522–443 B.c.)

Pindar See also:

• LODGE
• LODGE, EDMUND (1756-1839)
• LODGE, H
• LODGE, HENRY CABOT (1850– )
• LODGE, SIR OLIVER JOSEPH (1851– )
• LODGE, THOMAS (c. 1558–1625)

Lodge stands on the site of the birthplace of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• WOLCOT, JOHN (1738-1819)

Wolcot (" See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter Pindar," 1738-1819) . See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• COOKWORTHY, WILLIAM (1705-178o)

Cookworthy (1705-1780), a See also:

• PORCELAIN

porcelain manufacturer, the first to exploit the deposits of See also:

• KAOLIN

kaolin in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of England, was also See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Kingsbridge . The township of Dodbrooke, included within the See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish, adjoins Kingsbridge on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east . Some See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron-See also:

• FOUNDING (from Lat. fundere, to pour)

founding and See also:

• SHIP

ship-See also:

• BUILDING

building, with a See also:

• COASTING

coasting See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, are carried on . Kingsbridge (Kyngysbrygge) was formerly included in the See also:

• MANOR

manor of Churchstow, the first trace of its See also:

• SEPARATE

separate existence being found in the See also:

• HUNDRED

Hundred See also:

• ROLL (O. Fr. rolle, roulle, mod. role, Lat. rotulus, dim. of rota, wheel)
• ROLL, ALFRED PHILIPPE (1846– )

Roll of 1276, which records that in the manor of Churchstow there is a new See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough, which has a . See also:

• FRIDAY (A.S. frige-dreg, fr. frige, gen. of frigu, love, or the goddess of love—the Norse Frigg,—the dreg, day; cf. Icelandic frjddagr, O.H. Ger. friatag, frigatag, mod. Ger. Freitag)

Friday market and a separate See also:

• ASSIZE

assize of See also:

• BREAD

bread and See also:

• ALE

ale .

The name Kingsbridge however does not appear till See also:

• HALF

half a See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century later . When Kingsbridge became a separate parish is not certainly known, but it was before 1414 when the church was rebuilt and consecrated to St Edmund . In 1461 the See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot of Buckfastleigh obtained a Saturday market at Kingsbridge and a three-days' See also:

• FAIR

fair at the feast of St See also:

• MARGARET
• MARGARET (1283–1290)
• MARGARET (1353-1412)
• MARGARET (1489–1541)
• MARGARET, ST (c. 1045–1093)
• MARGARET, ST (SANCTA MARGARITA)

Margaret, both of which are still held . The manor remained in See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the abbot until the See also:

• DISSOLUTION (from Lat. dissolvere, to break up into parts)

Dissolution, when it was granted to See also:

• SIR

Sir William See also:

• PETRE, SIR EDWARD (1631-1699)
• PETRE, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1505-1572)

Petre . Kingsbridge was never represented in See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament or incorporated by See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter, the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government being by a portreeve, and down to the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day the steward of the manor holds a See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court leet and court See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

baron and appoints a portreeve and constables . In 1798 the town See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills were converted into a woollen manufactory, which up to See also:

• RECENT

recent times produced large quantities of See also:

• CLOTH

cloth, and the serge mama-facture was introduced early in the 19th century . The town has been famous from remote times for a beverage called " See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white ale." Included in Kingsbridge is the little town of Dodbrooke, which at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of the Domesday Survey had a See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population of 42, and a See also:

• FLOCK

flock of 1o8 See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep and 27 goats; and in 1257 was granted a Wednesday market and a fair at the Feast of St See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary Magdalene . See " See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

County History ": Devonshire; Kingsbridge and Sulcombe, with the intermediate Estuary, historically and topographically depicted (Kingsbridge, 1819) ; S . F . See also:

• FOX
• FOX, C
• FOX, CHARLES JAMES (1749-1806)
• FOX, EDWARD (c. 1496-1538)
• FOX, GEORGE (1624-1691)
• FOX, RICHARD (c. 1448-1528)
• FOX, ROBERT WERE (1789—1877)
• FOX, SIR STEPHEN (1627–1716)
• FOX, SIR WILLIAM (1812-1893)

Fox, Kingsbridge Estuary (See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

Kings-See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge, 1864) . See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

KING'S COUNTY, a county of See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland in the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• LEINSTER

Leinster, bounded N. byMeath and See also:

• WESTMEATH
• WESTMEATH, EARL OF

Westmeath, W.by See also:

• ROSCOMMON
• ROSCOMMON, WENTWORTH DILLON, 4TH EARL OF (c. 163o-1685)

Roscommon, See also:

• GALWAY

Galway and See also:

• TIPPERARY

Tipperary (the boundary with the first two counties being the See also:

• RIVER

river See also:

• SHANNON
• SHANNON, CHARLES HAZELWOOD (1865- )
• SHANNON, JAMES JEBUSA (1862- )

Shannon); S. by Tipperary and See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen's County, and E. by See also:

• KILDARE

Kildare . The See also:

• AREA

area is 493,999 acres or about 772 sq. m .

The greater See also:

• PART

part of the county is included in the central See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain of Ireland . In the south-east the Slieve See also:

• BLOOM (from A.S. bloma, a flower)

Bloom Mountains See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the boundary between King's County and Queen's County, and run into the former county from south-west to north-east for a distance of about 20 M. consisting of a See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of lofty and precipitous crags through which there are two narrow passes, the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• GAP

Gap and the Gap of Glandine . In the north-east Croghan See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill, a beautiful See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green See also:

• EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence, rises to a height over 700 ft . The See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder of the county is See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat, but a range of See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low hills crosses its north-eastern division to the north of the See also:

• BARROW
• BARROW (from A.S. beorh, a mount or hillock)
• BARROW, ISAAC (1630-1677)
• BARROW, SIR JOHN (1764-1848)

Barrow . In the centre of the county from east to west a large portion is occupied by the See also:

• BOG (from Ir. and Gael. bogach, bog, soft)

Bog of See also:

• ALLEN, BOG OF
• ALLEN, ETHAN (1739–1789)
• ALLEN, GRANT CHARLES GRANT BLAIRFINDIEI, (1848–1899)
• ALLEN, JAMES LANE (1850– )
• ALLEN, JOHN (1476–1534)
• ALLEN, or ALLEYN, THOMAS (1542-1632)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM (1532-1594)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM FRANCIS (183o-1889)

Allen . The county shares in the See also:

• ADVANTAGE

advantage of the See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation of the Shannon, which skirts its western See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side . The Brosna, which issues from See also:

• LOCH, HENRY BROUGHAM LOCH, 1ST BARON (1827-1900)

Loch Ennell in Westmeath, enters the county near the town of See also:

• CLARA, SAINT (1194-1253)

Clara, and flowing south-westwards across its north-west corner, discharges itself into the Shannon after receiving the Clodagh and the Broughill . A small portion of the north-eastern extremity is skirted by the upper See also:

• BOYNE

Boyne . The Barrow forms the south-eastern boundary with Queen's County . The Little Brosna, which rises in the Slieve Bloom Mountains, forms the boundary of King's County with Tipperary, and falls into the Shannon . This county lies in the great Carboniferous See also:

• LIMESTONE

Limestone plain, with See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay-soils and bogs upon its See also:

• SURFACE

surface, and many drier deposits of See also:

• ESKER (O. Irish eiscir)

esker-gravels rising as green hills above the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general level . The Slieve Bloom Mountains, consisting of Old Red See also:

• SANDSTONE

Sandstone with See also:

• SILURIAN

Silurian inliers, form a bold feature in the south .

North of Philipstown, the prominent mass of Croghan Hill is formed of basic volcanic rocks contemporaneous with the Carboniferous Limestone, and comparable with those in Co . See also:

• LIMERICK

Limerick . Notwithstanding the large area occupied by bogs, the See also:

• CLIMATE

climate is generally healthy, and less moist than that of several neighbouring districts . The whole of the county would appear to have been covered formerly by a vast See also:

• FOREST

forest, and the district bordering on Tipperary is still richly wooded . The See also:

• SOIL

soil naturally is not of great fertility except in See also:

• SPECIAL

special cases, but is capable of being rendered so by the judicious application of bog and See also:

• LIME
• LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

lime See also:

• MANURES

manures according to its special defects . It is generally either a deep bog or a shallow gravelly See also:

• LOAM (O.E. lam; the word appears in Dut. leem and Ger. Lehm; the ultimate origin is the root lai-, meaning " to be sticky," which is seen in the cognate " lime," Lat. limus, mud, clay)

loam . On the See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders of the Slieve Bloom Mountains there are some very See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich and fertile pastures, and there are also extensive grazing districts on the borders of Westmeath, which are chiefly occupied by sheep . Along the See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the Shannon there are some See also:

• FINE

fine tracts of meadow See also:

• LAND

land . With the exception of the See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract occupied by the Bog of Allen, the remainder of the county is nearly all under tillage, the most productive portion being that to the north-west of the Hill of Croghan . The percentage of tillage to pasture is roughly as 1 to 24 . Oats, See also:

• BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley and See also:

• RYE

rye, potatoes and turnips, are all considerably grown; See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat is almost neglected, and the acreage of all crops has a decreasing tendency . See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

Cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry are bred increasingly; dairies are numerous in the north of the county, and the sheep are pastured chiefly in the hilly districts .

The county is traversed from S.E. to N.W. by the See also:

• PORTARLINGTON

Portarlington, See also:

• TULLAMORE

Tullamore, Clara and See also:

• ATHLONE

Athlone See also:

• LINE

line of the Great See also:

• SOUTHERN

Southern and Western railway, with a branch from Clara to Banagher; from See also:

• ROSCREA

Roscrea (Co . Tipperary) a branch of this See also:

• COMPANY

company runs to Parsonstown (See also:

• BIRR, or PARSONSTOWN

Birr); while the Midland Great Western has branches from its See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main line from See also:

• ENFIELD

Enfield (Co . Kildare) to Edenderry, and from Streamstown (Co . Westmeath) to Clara . The See also:

• GRAND

Grand See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal runs through the length of the county from east to west, entering the Shannon at Shannon See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour . The population (65,563 in 1891; 60,187 in 1901), decreasing through See also:

• EMIGRATION (from Lat. emigrare; e, ex, out of, and migrare, to depart)

emigration, includes about 89% of See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Catholics . The decrease is rather below the See also:

• AVERAGE

average . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief towns are Tullamore (the county town, pop . 4639) and Birr or See also:

• PARSONS
• PARSONS (or PERSONS), ROBERT (1546-161o)
• PARSONS, THEOPHILUS (1750-1813)

Parsons-town (4438), with Edenderry and Clara . Philipstown near Tullamore was formerly the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the county and was the centre of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of Offaly . The county comprises 12 baronies and 46 civil parishes . It returns two members to parliament, for the Birr and Tullamore divisions respectively .

Previous to the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union, King's County returned six members to parliament, two for the county, and two for each of the boroughs of See also:

• PHILIPS, AMBROSE (c. 1675-1749)
• PHILIPS, JOHN (1676-1708)
• PHILIPS, KATHARINE (1631-1664)

Philips-town and Banagher . Assizes are held at Tullamore and quartersessions at Parsonstown, Philipstown and Tullamore . The county is divided into the See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant dioceses of See also:

• KILLALOE

Killaloe, See also:

• MEATH (pronounced with th soft, as in the)

Meath and See also:

• OSSORY (Osraighe)
• OSSORY, THOMAS BUTLER, EARL OF (1634-1680)

Ossory; and the Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic dioceses of Ardagh, Kildare and Leighlin, Ossory and Clonfert . King's County, with portions of Tipperary, Queen's County and Kildare, at an early See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period formed one kingdom under the name of Offaly, a See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title which it retained after the landing of the English . Subsequently it was known as Glenmallery, Western Glenmallery See also:

• PRETTY

pretty nearly corresponding to the present King's County, and Eastern Glenmallery to Queen's County . By a See also:

• STATUTE

statute of 1556 the western district was constituted a See also:

• SHIRE

shire under the name of King's County in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip, See also:

• CONSORT (Lat. consors, a companion)

consort of Queen Mary—the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal town, formerly the seat of the O'Connors, being called Philipstown; and the eastern district at the same time received the name of Queen's County in honour of Mary . Perhaps the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest antiquarian relic is the large See also:

• PYRAMID

pyramid of white stones in the Slieve Bloom Mountains called the See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

Temple of the See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

Sun or the White See also:

• OBELISK (Gr. b/3EXivrcos, diminutive of OEMs, a spit)

Obelisk . There are a considerable number of Danish raths, and a See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain of moats commanding the passes of the bogs extended throughout the county . On the borders of Tipperary is an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• CAUSEWAY

causeway leading presumably to a See also:

• CRANNOG (Celt. crann, a tree)

crannog or See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake-dwelling . The most important ecclesiastical ruins are those of the seven churches of See also:

• CLONMACNOISE

Clonmacnoise (q.v.) on the Shannon in the north-west of the county, where an See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey was founded by St Kieran in 648, and where the remains include those of churches, two See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round towers, crosses, inscribed stones and a See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle . Among the more famous religious houses in addition to Clonmacnoise were Durrow Abbey, founded by St See also:

• COLUMBA, SAINT (Irish, Colum)

Columba in 55o; Monasteroris founded in the 14th century by John Bermingham, See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• LOUTH

Louth; and Seirkyran Abbey, founded in the beginning of the 5th century . The principal old castles are Rathmore, probably the most ancient in the county; Banagher, commanding an important pass on the Shannon; Leap Castle, in the Slieve Bloom Mountains; and Birr or Parsonstown, now the seat of the earl of See also:

• ROSSE, EARL OF
• ROSSE, WILLIAM PARSONS, 3RD EARL

Rosse .