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MARY HENRIETTA See also: English traveller, ethnologist and author, daughter of See also: George See also: Henry
See also: Kingsley (1827-1892), was See also: born in See also: Islington, See also: London, on the 13th of See also: October 1862
.
Her See also: father, though less widely known than his See also: brothers, See also: Charles and Henry (see above), was a
See also: man of versatile abilities, with a passion for travelling which he managed to indulge -in combination with his practice as a See also: doctor
.
He wrote one popular See also: book of travel, See also: South See also: Sea Bubbles, by the See also: Earl and the Doctor (1872), in collaboration with the 13th earl of Pembroke
.
Mary Kingsley's See also: reading in See also: history, See also: poetry and philosophy was wide if desultory, but she was most attracted to natural history
.
Her See also: family moved to Cambridge in 1886, where she studied the science of See also: sociology
.
The loss of both parents in 1892 See also: left her See also: free to pursue her own course, and she resolved to study native See also: religion and See also: law in West See also: Africa with a view to completing a book which her father had left unfinished
.
With her study of " raw fetish " she combined that of a scientific See also: collector of fresh-See also: water fishes
.
She started for the West See also: Coast in See also: August 1893; and at See also: Kabinda, at Old See also: Calabar, Fernando Po and on the See also: Lower See also: Congo she pursued her investigations, returning to See also: England in See also: June 1894
.
She gained sufficient knowledge of the native customs to contribute an introduction to Mr R
.
E
.
Dennett's Notes on the Folk See also: Lore of the Fjort (1898)
.
See also: Miss Kingsley made careful preparations for a second visit to the same coast; and in See also: December 1894, provided by the See also: British Museum authorities with a collector's equipment, she proceeded via Old Calabar to French Congo, and ascended the Ogowe See also: River
.
From this point her journey, inSee also: part across country hitherto untrodden by Europeans, was a long series of adventures and hairbreadth escapes, at one See also: time from the dangers of See also: land and water, at another from the cannibal Fang
.
Returning to the coast Miss Kingsley went to See also: Corisco and to the See also: German colony of Cameroon, where she made the ascent of the See also: Great Cameroon (13,760 ft.) from a direction until then unattempted
.
She returned to England in October 1895
.
The See also: story of her adventures and her investigations in fetish is vividly told in her Travels in West Africa (1897)
.
The book aroused wide See also: interest, and she lectured to scientific, gatherings on the See also: fauna, See also: flora and folk-lore of West Africa, and to commercial audiences on the See also: trade of that region and its possible developments, always with a protest against the lack of detailed knowledge characteristic of See also: modern dealings with new See also: fields of trade
.
In both cases she spoke with authority, for she had brought back a considerable number of new specimens of fishes and See also: plants, and had herself traded in See also: rubber and oil in the districts through which she passed
.
But her chief concern was for the development of the See also: negro on See also: African, not See also: European, lines and for the See also: government of the British possessions on the West Coast by methods which left the native " a free unsmashed man—not a whitewashed slave or an enemy." With undaunted energy Miss Kingsley made preparations for a third journey to the West Coast, but the Anglo-See also: Boer War changed her plans, and she
decided to go first to South Africa to nurse fever cases
.
She died of enteric fever at See also: Simon's See also: Town, where she was engaged in tending Boer prisoners, on the 3rd of June 'goo
.
Miss Kingsley's See also: works, besides her Travels, include West African Studies, The Story of West Africa, a memoir of her father prefixed to his Notes on Sport and Travel (1899), and many contributions to the study of West African law and folk-lore
.
To continue the investigation of the subjects Miss Kingsley had made her own " The African Society " was founded in 1901
.
Valuable See also: biographical information from the See also: pen of Mr George A
.
See also: Macmillan is prefixed to a second edition (1901) of the Studies
.
See also: KING'S
See also: LYNN (LYNN or LYNN REGIS), a market town, sea-See also: port and municipal and See also: parliamentary See also: borough of See also: Norfolk, England, on the estuary of the Great See also: Ouse near its outflow into the See also: Wash
.
Pop
.
(1901), 20,288
.
It is 97 m
.
N. by E. from London by the Great Eastern railway, and is also served by the Midland and Great See also: Northern joint See also: line
.
On the land See also: side the town was formerly defended by a See also: fosse, and there are still considerable remains of the old See also: wall, including the handsome South See also: Gate of the 15th century
.
Several by-channels of the river, passing through the town, are known as fleets, recalling the similar flethe of See also: Hamburg
.
The Public Walks forms a pleasant See also: promenade parallel to the wall, and in the centre of it stands a picturesque octagonal See also: Chapel of the Red See also: Mount, exhibiting ornate Perpendicular See also: work, and once frequented by pilgrims
.
The See also: church of St
See also: Margaret, formerly the priory church, is a See also: fine See also: building with two towers at the west end, one of which was formerly surmounted by a See also: spire, blown down in 1741
.
Norman or transitional work appears in the See also: base of both towers, of which the See also: southern also shows Early English and Decorated work, while the northern is chiefly Perpendicular
.
There is a fine Perpendicular See also: east window of circular See also: form
.
The church possesses two of the finest monumental See also: brasses in existence, dated respectively 1349 and 1364
.
St See also: Nicholas chapel, at the See also: north end of the town, is also of See also: rich Perpendicular workmanship, with a tower of earlier date
.
All See also: Saints' church in South Lynn is a beautiful Decorated cruciform structure
.
Of a Franciscan friary there remains the Perpendicular See also: Grey Friars' See also: Steeple, and the doorway remains of a priests' See also: college founded in 1502
.
At the grammar school, founded in the reign of Henry VIII., but occupying modern buildings, See also: Eugene See also: Aram was See also: usher
.
Among the other public buildings are the See also: guildhall, with See also: Renaissance front, the corn See also: exchange, the picturesque See also: custom-See also: house of the 17th century, the See also: athenaeum (including a museum, See also: hall and other departments), the
See also: Stanley Library and the municipal buildings
.
The See also: fisheries of the town are important, including extensive mussel-fisheries under the jurisdiction of the corporation, and there are also breweries, corn-mills, iron and See also: brass foundries, agricultural implement manufactories, See also: ship-building yards, rope and See also: sail works
.
Lynn Harbour has an See also: area of 30 acres and an See also: average See also: depth at low See also: tide of 10 ft
.
There is also See also: good anchorage in the roads leading from the Wash to the docks
.
There are two docks of 64 and to acres area respectively
.
A considerable See also: traffic is carried on by See also: barges on the Ouse
.
The municipal and parliamentary boroughs of Lynn are co-extensive; the parliamentary borough returns one member
.
The town is governed by a mayor, 6 aldermen and 18 councillors
.
Area, 3061 acres . As Lynn (Lun, Lenne, See also: Bishop's Lynn) owes its origin to the trade which its early settlers carried by the Ouse and its tributaries its history See also: dates from the See also: period of settled occupation by the See also: Saxons
.
It belonged to the bishops of See also: Thetford before the See also: Conquest and remained with the see when it was translated to Norwich
.
See also: Herbert de Losinga (c
.
1054—1119) granted its jurisdiction to the See also: cathedral of Norwich but this right was resumed by a later bishop, See also: John de
See also: Gray, who in 1204 had obtained from John a charter establishing Lynn as a free borough
.
A
See also: fuller See also: grant in 1206 gave the burgesses a gild
See also: merchant, the husting See also: court to be held once a week only, and general liberties according to the customs of See also: Oxford, saving the rights of the bishop and the earl of Arundel, whose ancestor See also: William D'Albini had received from William II. the moiety of the tolbooth
.
Among numerous later charters one of 1268 confirmed the
See also: privilege granted to the burgesses by the bishop of choosing a mayor; another of 1416 re-established his election by the aldermen alone
.
Henry VIII. granted Lynn two charters, the first (1524) incorporating it under mayor and aldermen; the second (1537) changing its name to King's Lynn and transferring to the corporation all the rights hitherto enjoyed by the bishop
.
See also: Edward VI. added the possessions of the gild of the Trinity, or gild merchant, and St George's gild, while See also: Queen Mary annexed South Lynn
.
See also: Admiralty rights were granted by See also: James I
.
Lynn, which had declat ed for the
See also: Crown in 1643, surrendered its privileges to Charles II. in 1684, but recovered its charter on the See also: eve of the Revolution
.
A See also: fair held on the festival of St Margaret (See also: July 20) was included in the grant to the monks of Norwich about IToo
.
Three charters of John granting the bishop fairs on the feasts of St Nicholas, St See also: Ursula and St Margaret are extant, and another of Edward I., changing the last to the feast of St See also: Peter ad Vincula (Aug
.
I)
.
A See also: local See also: act was passed in 1558—1559 for keeping a mart or fair once a See also: year
.
In the eighteenth century besides the pleasure fair, still held in See also: February, there was another in October, now abolished
.
A royal charter of 1524 established the cattle, corn and general provisions market, still held every Tuesday and Saturday
.
Lynn has ranked high among English seaports from early times
.
See E
.
M
.
Beloe, Our Borough (1899); H
.
Harrod, Report on Deeds, &'c.; of King's Lynn (1874) ; See also: Victoria County History: Norfolk
.
KING'S See also: MOUNTAIN, a mountainous See also: ridge in Gaston county, North Carolina and See also: York county, South Carolina, U.S.A
.
It is an outlier of the Blue Ridge See also: running parallel with it, i.e
.
N.E. and S.W., but in contrast with the other mountains of the Blue Ridge, King's Mountain has a crest marked withSee also: sharp and irregular notches
.
Its highest point and great escarpment are in North Carolina
.
About 12 m
.
S. of the line between the two states, where the ridge is about 6o ft. above the surrounding country and very narrow at the top, the See also: battle of King's Mountain was fought on the 7th of October 178o between a force of about See also: loo Provincial Rangers and about r000 Loyalist militia under Major Patrick See also: Ferguson (1744-1780), and an See also: American force of about 900 backwoodsmen under Colonels William See also: Campbell (1745-1781), Benjamin
See also: Cleveland (1738—2806) ,Isaac See also: Shelby, John See also: Sevier and James See also: Williams (1740—1780), in which the Americans were victorious
.
The British loss is stated as 119 killed (including the See also: commander), 123 wounded, and 664 prisoners; the American loss was 28 killed (including Colonel Williams) and 62 wounded
.
The victory largely contributed to the success of General See also: Nathanael See also: Greene's See also: campaign against See also: Lord Cornwallis
.
There has been some dispute as to the exact site of the engagement, but the See also: weight of evidence is in favour of the position mentioned above, on the South Carolina side of the line
.
A monument erected in 1815 was replaced in 1880 by a much larger one, and a monument for which Congress appropriated $30,000 in 1906, was completed in 1909
.
See L
.
C
.
Draper, King's Mountain and its Heroes (See also: Cincinnati, 1881); and Edward McCrady, South Carolina in the Revolution 1775—1780 (New York, 1901)
.
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