Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

MARY HENRIETTA KINGSLEY (1862-1900)

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 819 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
Spread the word: del.icio.us del.icio.us it!

See also:

MARY HENRIETTA See also:KINGSLEY (1862-1900)  , See also:English traveller, ethnologist and author, daughter of See also:George See also:Henry See also:Kingsley (1827-1892), was See also:born in See also:Islington, See also:London, on the 13th of See also:October 1862 . Her See also:father, though less widely known than his See also:brothers, See also:Charles and Henry (see above), was a See also:man of versatile abilities, with a See also:passion for travelling which he managed to indulge -in See also:combination with his practice as a See also:doctor . He wrote one popular See also:book of travel, See also:South See also:Sea Bubbles, by the See also:Earl and the Doctor (1872), in collaboration with the 13th earl of See also:Pembroke . See also:Mary Kingsley's See also:reading in See also:history, See also:poetry and See also:philosophy was wide if desultory, but she was most attracted to natural history . Her See also:family moved to See also:Cambridge in 1886, where she studied the See also:science of See also:sociology . The loss of both parents in 1892 See also:left her See also:free to pursue her own course, and she resolved to study native See also:religion and See also:law in See also:West See also:Africa with a view to completing a book which her father had left unfinished . With her study of " raw fetish " she combined that of a scientific See also:collector of fresh-See also:water fishes . She started for the West See also:Coast in See also:August 1893; and at See also:Kabinda, at Old See also:Calabar, Fernando Po and on the See also:Lower See also:Congo she pursued her investigations, returning to See also:England in See also:June 1894 . She gained sufficient knowledge of the native customs to contribute an introduction to Mr R . E . Dennett's Notes on the Folk See also:Lore of the Fjort (1898) . See also:Miss Kingsley made careful preparations for a second visit to the same coast; and in See also:December 1894, provided by the See also:British Museum authorities with a collector's equipment, she proceeded via Old Calabar to See also:French Congo, and ascended the Ogowe See also:River .

From this point her See also:

journey, in See also:part across See also:country hitherto untrodden by Europeans, was a See also:long See also:series of adventures and hairbreadth escapes, at one See also:time from the dangers of See also:land and water, at another from the cannibal See also:Fang . Returning to the coast Miss Kingsley went to See also:Corisco and to the See also:German See also:colony of Cameroon, where she made the ascent of the See also:Great Cameroon (13,760 ft.) from a direction until then unattempted . She returned to England in October 1895 . The See also:story of her adventures and her investigations in fetish is vividly told in her Travels in West Africa (1897) . The book aroused wide See also:interest, and she lectured to scientific, gatherings on the See also:fauna, See also:flora and folk-lore of West Africa, and to commercial audiences on the See also:trade of that region and its possible developments, always with a protest against the lack of detailed knowledge characteristic of See also:modern dealings with new See also:fields of trade . In both cases she spoke with authority, for she had brought back a considerable number of new specimens of fishes and See also:plants, and had herself traded in See also:rubber and oil in the districts through which she passed . But her See also:chief concern was for the development of the See also:negro on See also:African, not See also:European, lines and for the See also:government of the British possessions on the West Coast by methods which left the native " a free unsmashed man—not a whitewashed slave or an enemy." With undaunted See also:energy Miss Kingsley made preparations for a third journey to the West Coast, but the Anglo-See also:Boer See also:War changed her plans, and she decided to go first to South Africa to See also:nurse See also:fever cases . She died of enteric fever at See also:Simon's See also:Town, where she was engaged in tending Boer prisoners, on the 3rd of June 'goo . Miss Kingsley's See also:works, besides her Travels, include West African Studies, The Story of West Africa, a memoir of her father prefixed to his Notes on See also:Sport and Travel (1899), and many contributions to the study of West African law and folk-lore . To continue the investigation of the subjects Miss Kingsley had made her own " The African Society " was founded in 1901 . Valuable See also:biographical See also:information from the See also:pen of Mr George A . See also:Macmillan is prefixed to a second edition (1901) of the Studies .

See also:

KING'S See also:LYNN (LYNN or LYNN REGIS), a See also:market town, sea-See also:port and municipal and See also:parliamentary See also:borough of See also:Norfolk, England, on the See also:estuary of the Great See also:Ouse near its outflow into the See also:Wash . Pop . (1901), 20,288 . It is 97 m . N. by E. from London by the Great Eastern railway, and is also served by the Midland and Great See also:Northern See also:joint See also:line . On the land See also:side the town was formerly defended by a See also:fosse, and there are still considerable remains of the old See also:wall, including the handsome South See also:Gate of the 15th See also:century . Several by-channels of the river, passing through the town, are known as fleets, recalling the similar flethe of See also:Hamburg . The Public Walks forms a pleasant See also:promenade parallel to the wall, and in the centre of it stands a picturesque octagonal See also:Chapel of the Red See also:Mount, exhibiting ornate Perpendicular See also:work, and once frequented by pilgrims . The See also:church of St See also:Margaret, formerly the priory church, is a See also:fine See also:building with two towers at the west end, one of which was formerly surmounted by a See also:spire, blown down in 1741 . See also:Norman or transitional work appears in the See also:base of both towers, of which the See also:southern also shows See also:Early English and Decorated work, while the northern is chiefly Perpendicular . There is a fine Perpendicular See also:east window of circular See also:form . The church possesses two of the finest monumental See also:brasses in existence, dated respectively 1349 and 1364 .

Phoenix-squares

St See also:

Nicholas chapel, at the See also:north end of the town, is also of See also:rich Perpendicular workmanship, with a See also:tower of earlier date . All See also:Saints' church in South Lynn is a beautiful Decorated cruciform structure . Of a Franciscan friary there remains the Perpendicular See also:Grey Friars' See also:Steeple, and the See also:doorway remains of a priests' See also:college founded in 1502 . At the See also:grammar school, founded in the reign of Henry VIII., but occupying modern buildings, See also:Eugene See also:Aram was See also:usher . Among the other public buildings are the See also:guildhall, with See also:Renaissance front, the See also:corn See also:exchange, the picturesque See also:custom-See also:house of the 17th century, the See also:athenaeum (including a museum, See also:hall and other departments), the See also:Stanley Library and the municipal buildings . The See also:fisheries of the town are important, including extensive See also:mussel-fisheries under the See also:jurisdiction of the See also:corporation, and there are also breweries, corn-See also:mills, See also:iron and See also:brass foundries, agricultural See also:implement manufactories, See also:ship-building yards, rope and See also:sail works . Lynn See also:Harbour has an See also:area of 30 acres and an See also:average See also:depth at See also:low See also:tide of 10 ft . There is also See also:good anchorage in the roads leading from the Wash to the docks . There are two docks of 64 and to acres area respectively . A considerable See also:traffic is carried on by See also:barges on the Ouse . The municipal and parliamentary boroughs of Lynn are co-extensive; the parliamentary borough returns one member . The town is governed by a See also:mayor, 6 aldermen and 18 councillors .

Area, 3061 acres . As Lynn (Lun, Lenne, See also:

Bishop's Lynn) owes its origin to the trade which its early settlers carried by the Ouse and its tributaries its history See also:dates from the See also:period of settled occupation by the See also:Saxons . It belonged to the bishops of See also:Thetford before the See also:Conquest and remained with the see when it was translated to See also:Norwich . See also:Herbert de Losinga (c . 1054—1119) granted its jurisdiction to the See also:cathedral of Norwich but this right was resumed by a later bishop, See also:John de See also:Gray, who in 1204 had obtained from John a See also:charter establishing Lynn as a free borough . A See also:fuller See also:grant in 1206 gave the burgesses a gild See also:merchant, the See also:husting See also:court to be held once a See also:week only, and See also:general liberties according to the customs of See also:Oxford, saving the rights of the bishop and the earl of See also:Arundel, whose ancestor See also:William D'Albini had received from William II. the moiety of the tolbooth . Among numerous later charters one of 1268 confirmed the See also:privilege granted to the burgesses by the bishop of choosing a mayor; another of 1416 re-established his See also:election by the aldermen alone . Henry VIII. granted Lynn two charters, the first (1524) incorporating it under mayor and aldermen; the second (1537) changing its name to King's Lynn and transferring to the corporation all the rights hitherto enjoyed by the bishop . See also:Edward VI. added the possessions of the gild of the Trinity, or gild merchant, and St George's gild, while See also:Queen Mary annexed South Lynn . See also:Admiralty rights were granted by See also:James I . Lynn, which had declat ed for the See also:Crown in 1643, surrendered its privileges to Charles II. in 1684, but recovered its charter on the See also:eve of the Revolution . A See also:fair held on the festival of St Margaret (See also:July 20) was included in the grant to the monks of Norwich about IToo .

Three charters of John granting the bishop fairs on the feasts of St Nicholas, St See also:

Ursula and St Margaret are extant, and another of Edward I., changing the last to the feast of St See also:Peter ad Vincula (Aug . I) . A See also:local See also:act was passed in 1558—1559 for keeping a mart or fair once a See also:year . In the eighteenth century besides the See also:pleasure fair, still held in See also:February, there was another in October, now abolished . A royal charter of 1524 established the See also:cattle, corn and general provisions market, still held every Tuesday and Saturday . Lynn has ranked high among English seaports from early times . See E . M . Beloe, Our Borough (1899); H . Harrod, See also:Report on Deeds, &'c.; of King's Lynn (1874) ; See also:Victoria See also:County History: Norfolk . KING'S See also:MOUNTAIN, a mountainous See also:ridge in Gaston county, North Carolina and See also:York county, South Carolina, U.S.A . It is an outlier of the See also:Blue Ridge See also:running parallel with it, i.e .

N.E. and S.W., but in contrast with the other mountains of the Blue Ridge, King's Mountain has a See also:

crest marked with See also:sharp and irregular notches . Its highest point and great escarpment are in North Carolina . About 12 m . S. of the line between the two states, where the ridge is about 6o ft. above the surrounding country and very narrow at the See also:top, the See also:battle of King's Mountain was fought on the 7th of October 178o between a force of about See also:loo Provincial Rangers and about r000 Loyalist See also:militia under See also:Major See also:Patrick See also:Ferguson (1744-1780), and an See also:American force of about 900 backwoodsmen under Colonels William See also:Campbell (1745-1781), See also:Benjamin See also:Cleveland (1738—2806) ,See also:Isaac See also:Shelby, John See also:Sevier and James See also:Williams (1740—1780), in which the Americans were victorious . The British loss is stated as 119 killed (including the See also:commander), 123 wounded, and 664 prisoners; the American loss was 28 killed (including See also:Colonel Williams) and 62 wounded . The victory largely contributed to the success of General See also:Nathanael See also:Greene's See also:campaign against See also:Lord See also:Cornwallis . There has been some dispute as to the exact site of the engagement, but the See also:weight of See also:evidence is in favour of the position mentioned above, on the South Carolina side of the line . A See also:monument erected in 1815 was replaced in 1880 by a much larger one, and a monument for which See also:Congress appropriated $30,000 in 1906, was completed in 1909 . See L . C . See also:Draper, King's Mountain and its Heroes (See also:Cincinnati, 1881); and Edward McCrady, South Carolina in the Revolution 1775—1780 (New York, 1901) .

End of Article: MARY HENRIETTA KINGSLEY (1862-1900)
[back]
HENRY KINGSLEY (183o-1876)
[next]
KINGSTON

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click and select "copy." Paste it into a website, email, or other HTML document.