See also:

• KIRKCALDY (locally pronounced Kerkawdi)

KIRKCALDY (locally pronounced Kerkawdi)  , a royal, municipal and See also:

• POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police See also:

• BURGH [BOURKE, BURKE]
• BURGH, HUBERT DE (d. 1243)

burgh and seaport of Fifeshire, See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland . Pop . (1901), 34,099 . It lies on the See also:

• FIRTH, CHARLES HARDING (1857– )
• FIRTH, MARK (1819-1880)

Firth of Forth, 26 m . N. of See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh by the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• BRITISH

British railway, via the Forth See also:

• BRIDGE

Bridge . Although See also:

• COLUMBA, SAINT (Irish, Colum)

Columba is said to have planted a See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church here, the authoritative See also:

• HISTORY

history of the See also:

• TOWN

town does not begin for several centuries after the era of the See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint . In 1240 the church was bestowed by See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of'St See also:

• ANDREWS, JAMES PETTIT (c. 1737–1797)
• ANDREWS, THOMAS (1813–1885)

Andrews, on See also:

• DUNFERMLINE (Gaelic, " the fort on the crooked linn ")
• DUNFERMLINE, ALEXANDER SETON, 1ST EARL OF
• DUNFERMLINE, JAMES ABERCROMBY, 1ST BARON (1776-'858)

Dunfermline See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey, and in 1334 the town with its See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour was granted by David II. to the same abbey, by which it was conveyed to the bailies and See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council in 1450, when See also:

• KIRKCALDY (locally pronounced Kerkawdi)

Kirkcaldy was created a royal burgh . In the course of another See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century it had become an important commercial centre, the See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade of the See also:

• DISTRICT

district being then the largest in Scotland . In 1644, when See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles I. raised it to a See also:

• FREE

free See also:

• PORT

port, it owned a See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred vessels, and six years later it was assessed as the See also:

• SIXTH

sixth town in the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . After the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union its See also:

• SHIPPING

shipping See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell off, Jacobite troubles and the See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Independence accelerating the decline . But its See also:

• LINEN

linen manufactures, begun See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the 18th century, gradually restored prosperity; and when other See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries had taken See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root its fortunes advanced by leaps and See also:

• BOUNDS, BEATING THE

bounds, and there is now no more flourishing community in Scotland . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief topographical feature of the burgh is its length, from which it is called the " See also:

• LANG, ANDREW (1844— )
• LANG, KARL HEINRICH, RITTER VON (1764-1835)

lang toun." Formerly it consisted of little besides High See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street, with closes and wynds branching off from it; but now that it has absorbed Invertiel, Linktown and Abbotshall on the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, and Pathhead, Sinclairtown and Gallatown on the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east, it has reached a length of nearly 4 M .

Its public buildings include the See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish church, in the See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, St Brycedale See also:

• UNITED

United Free church, with a See also:

• SPIRE

spire 200 ft. high, a town-See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall, See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

corn See also:

• EXCHANGE

exchange, public See also:

• LIBRARIES

libraries, See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly rooms, See also:

• FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital, See also:

• SHERIFF

sheriff See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court buildings, See also:

• PEOPLE

people's See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

club and See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

institute, high school (1894)—on the site of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient burgh school (1582)—the Beveridge hall and free library, and the See also:

• ADAM
• ADAM (or ADAN) DE LE HALE (died c. 1288)
• ADAM, ALEXANDER (1741–1809)
• ADAM, JULIETTE (1836– )
• ADAM, LAMBERT SIGISBERT (1700-1759)
• ADAM, MELCHIOR (d. 1622)
• ADAM, PAUL (1862– )
• ADAM, ROBERT (1728—1792)
• ADAM, SIR FREDERICK (1781-1853)
• ADAM, WILLIAM (1751-1839)

Adam See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith memorial hall . To the west lies Beveridge See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park of fro acres, including a large See also:

• SHEET

sheet of See also:

• WATER

water, which was presented to the town in 1892 . The harbour has an inner and See also:

• OUTER

outer See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division, with wet See also:

• DOCK

dock and wharves . Plans for its See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension were approved in 1903 . They include the extension of the east See also:

• PIER (older forms per or Pere, from Med. Lat. pera; the word for piers out of water. For river piers, where a firm, watertight is of obscure origin, and the connexion with Fr. Pierre, Lat. stratum is found at a moderate depth below the river-bed, the pctr

pier, the construction of a See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south pier 800 ft. in length, and of a tidal harbour 5 acres in See also:

• AREA

area and a dock of 4 acres . Besides the manufacture of sheeting, towelling, See also:

• TICKS

ticks, See also:

• DOWLAS

dowlas and See also:

• SAIL

sail-See also:

• CLOTH

cloth, the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal industries include See also:

• FLAX

flax-See also:

• SPINNING (from O. Eng. spinnen, to spin, cf. Ger. spinnen, &c., the Teut. root is seen, to draw out, cf. span, spider)

spinning, See also:

• NET

net-making, See also:

• BLEACHING

bleaching, See also:

• DYEING (0. Eng. dedgian, dealt ; Mid. Eng. deyen)

dyeing, tanning, See also:

• BREWING

brewing, See also:

• BRASS
• BRASS (O. Eng. braes)

brass and See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron See also:

• FOUNDING (from Lat. fundere, to pour)

founding, and there are See also:

• POTTERIES, THE

potteries, See also:

• FLOUR

flour-See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills, See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering See also:

• WORKS

works, See also:

• FISHERIES

fisheries, and factories for the making of oil-cloth and linoleum . In 1847 See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael See also:

• NAIRN

Nairn conceived the notion of utilizing the fibre of See also:

• CORK
• CORK (perhaps through Sp. corcha from Lat. cortex, bark, but possibly connected with quercus, oak)
• CORK, RICHARD BOYLE

cork and oil-paint in such a way as to produce a See also:

• FLOOR (from O. Eng. flor, a word common to many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vloer, and Ger. Flur, a field, in the feminine, and a floor, masculine)

floor-covering more lasting than See also:

• CARPET

carpet and yet capable of taking a See also:

• PATTERN

pattern . The result of his experiments was oil-cloth, in the manufacture of which 'Kirkcaldy has kept the predominance to which Nairn's enterprise entitled it . Indeed, this and the kindred linoleum business (also due to Nairn, who in 1877 built the first linoleum factory in Scotland) were for many years the See also:

• MONOPOLY (Gr. govomeXla or govoircaXwv, exclusive sale, from govds, alone, and irwXeiv, to sell)

monopoly of Kirkcaldy . There is a large See also:

• DIRECT

direct export trade with the United States . Among well-known natives of the town were Adam Smith, See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• BALNAVES, HENRY (1512?-1579)

Balnaves of Halhill, the Scottish reformer and See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord of session in the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary; See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• GILLESPIE, GEORGE (1613-1648)
• GILLESPIE, THOMAS (1708-1774)

Gillespie, the theologian and a leading member of the See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster Assembly, and his younger See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• PATRICK, SIMON (1626–1707)
• PATRICK, ST

Patrick (1617-1675), a friend of See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell and principal of See also:

• GLASGOW

Glasgow University; See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• RITCHIE, CHARLES THOMSON RITCHIE, 1ST BARON (1838-1906)
• RITCHIE, DAVID GEORGE (1853-1903)

Ritchie (1778-1870), one of the founders of the Scotsman; See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• SIR

Sir John See also:

• OSWALD (c. 605—642)
• OSWALD (d. 992)

Oswald (1771-1840), who had a command at See also:

• SAN

San See also:

• SEBASTIAN
• SEBASTIAN, ST

Sebastian and See also:

• VITTORIA

Vittoria: Sir Michael See also:

• SCOTT, ALEXANDER (fl. 1550)
• SCOTT, DAVID (18o6-1849)
• SCOTT, MICHAEL (1789-1835)
• SCOTT, ROBERT (1811-1887)
• SCOTT, SIR GEORGE GILBERT (1811-1878)
• SCOTT, SIR WALTER, BART
• SCOTT, WILLIAM BELL (1811-1890)
• SCOTT, WINFIELD (1786-1866)

Scott of Balwearie See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle, about 11 m . W. of the town, was sent with Sir David See also:

• WEMYSS
• WEMYSS, EARLS OF

Wemyss to bring the Maid of See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway to Scotland in 1290; Sir See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

Walter Scott was therefore in See also:

• ERROR (Lat. error, from errare, to wander, to err)

error in adopting the tradition that identified him with the wizard of the same name, who died in 1234 .

See also:

• CARLYLE, ALEXANDER (1722-1805)
• CARLYLE, JOSEPH DACRE (1759-18o4)
• CARLYLE, THOMAS (1795-1881)

Carlyle and See also:

• EDWARD

Edward See also:

• IRVING, EDWARD (1792-1834)
• IRVING, SIR HENRY (1838-1905)
• IRVING, WASHINGTON (1783-18J9)

Irving were teachers in the town, where Irving spent seven years, and where he made the acquaintance of the See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady he afterwards married . Kirkcaldy combines with See also:

• DYSART

Dysart, See also:

• KINGHORN

Kinghorn and See also:

• BURNTISLAND

Burntisland to return one member to See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament .