See also:

• KISTNA (or KRISHNA)
• KISTNA, or KRISHNA

KISTNA (or See also:

• KRISHNA (the Dark One)

KRISHNA)  , a See also:

• DISTRICT

district of See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, in the N.E. of the See also:

• MADRAS

Madras See also:

• PRESIDENCY

Presidency . See also:

• MASULIPATAM, or BANDAR

Masulipatam is the district See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head-quarters . See also:

• AREA

Area, 8490 sq. m . The district is generally a See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, but the interior is broken by a few See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low hills, the highest being 1857 ft. above See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers are the See also:

• KISTNA (or KRISHNA)
• KISTNA, or KRISHNA

Kistna, which cuts the district into two portions, and the Munyeru, Paleru and Naguleru (tributaries of the Gundlakamma and the Kistna); the last only is navigable . The See also:

• KOLAR

Kolar See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake, which covers an area of 21 by 14 m., and the Romparu swamp are natural receptacles for the drainage on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north and See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south sides of the Kistna respectively . In 1901 the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population was 2,154,803, showing an increase of 16% in the See also:

• DECADE (from Gr. Oka, ten)

decade . Subsequently the area of the district was reduced by the formation of the new district of Guntur (q.v.), though Kistna received an See also:

• ACCRETION (from Lat. ad, to, and crescere, to grow)

accretion of territory from See also:

• GODAVARI

Godavari district . The population in 1901 on the area as reconstituted (5899 sq. m.) was 1,744,138 . The Kistna See also:

• DELTA (from the shape of the Gr. letter A, delta, originally used of the mouth of the Nile)

delta See also:

• SYSTEM

system of See also:

• IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation canals, which are available also for See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation, connect with the Godavari system . The principal crops are See also:

• RICE (Greek 6p6 a, Latin oryza, French riz, Italian riso, Spanish arroz, derived from the Arabic)
• RICE, EDMUND IGNATIUS (1762-1844)
• RICE, JAMES (1843-1882)

rice, millets, See also:

• PULSE

pulse, oil-seeds, See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton, See also:

• INDIGO (earlier indico, from Lat. indicum, the Indian sub-stance or dye; the Sans. name was niti, from nila, dark blue, and this through Arab. al-nil, annil, gives " aniline ")

indigo, See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco and a little See also:

• SUGAR

sugar-See also:

• CANE

cane . There are several factories for ginning and pressing cotton .

The cigars known in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England as Lunkas are partly made from tobacco grown on lankas or islands in the Kistna . The manufacture of chintzes at Masulipatam is a decaying See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry, but cotton is See also:

• WOVEN

woven everywhere for domestic use . See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

Salt is evaporated, under See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government supervision, along the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast . See also:

• BEZWADA

Bezwada, at the head of the delta, is a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of growing importance, as the central junction of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East Coast railway system, which crosses the inland portion of the district in three directions . Some sea-See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, chiefly See also:

• COASTING

coasting, is carried on at the open roadsteads of Masulipatam and Nizampatam, both in the delta . The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church Missionary Society supports a See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college at Masulipatam . The See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• HISTORY

history of Kistna is inseparable from that of the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern Circars . Dharanikota and the adjacent See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• AMRAVATI, or AMARAVATI

Amravati were the seats of early See also:

• HINDU

Hindu and Buddhist governments; and the more See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• RAJAHMUNDRY, or RAJAMAHENDRI

Rajahmundry owed its importance to later dynasties . The Chalukyas here gave place to the Cholas, who in turn were ousted by the Reddi See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings, who flourished during the 14th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and built the forts of Bellamkonda, Kondavi and Kondapalli in the north of the district, while the Gajapati See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty of See also:

• ORISSA

Orissa ruled in the north . Afterwards the entire district passed to the Kutb Shahis of See also:

• GOLCONDA

Golconda, until annexed to the See also:

• MOGUL, MOCHAL, or MIGHAL

Mogul See also:

• EMPIRE

empire by See also:

• AURANGZEB (1618-1707)

Aurangzeb in 1687 . Meantime the See also:

• ENGLISH

English had in 16r r established a small factory at Masulipatam, where they traded with varying See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune from 1759, when, 15 Masulipatam being captured from the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French by See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel See also:

• FORDE, FRANCIS (d. 1770)

Forde, with a force sent by See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• CLIVE, CAROLINE (1801-1873)
• CLIVE, CATHERINE [KITTY] (1711-1785)
• CLIVE, ROBERT CLIVE, BARON (1725-1774)

Clive from See also:

• CALCUTTA

Calcutta, the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the English in the greater See also:

• PART

part of the district was See also:

• COMPLETE

complete .